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  1. Ectopic pancreas (EP) is defined as pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomical or vascular communication with the normal body of the pancreas. Despite improvements in diagnostic endoscopy and imaging studies, dif...

    Authors: Xuemei Liu, Xinglong Wu, Biguang Tuo and Huichao Wu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:151

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  3. Quantification of circulating organ-specific cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provides a sensitive measure of ongoing cell death that could benefit evaluation of the cholestatic liver diseases primary biliary cholangitis...

    Authors: Sohan Punia, Brian D. Juran, Ahmad H. Ali, Erik M. Schlicht, Raymond M. Moore, Zhifu Sun and Konstantinos N. Lazaridis

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:149

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  4. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired pre-thrombotic autoimmune condition, which produces autoantibodies called antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) against phospholipid-binding plasma proteins. The diag...

    Authors: Xiaojuan Zou, Zhongqi Fan, Ling Zhao, Weiling Xu, Jin Zhang and Zhenyu Jiang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:148

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  5. Existing proposed classification systems for the Papilla of Vater (PV) suboptimally account for all relevant, encountered PV appearances, are too complex or have not been assessed for intra- or interobserver v...

    Authors: Jorge Canena, Luís Lopes, João Fernandes, Patrício Costa, Marianna Arvanitakis, Arjun D. Koch, Jan-Werner Poley, Javier Jimenez, Enrique Dominguez-Munõz, Pietro Familiari, Marco J. Bruno and Mário Dinis-Ribeiro

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:147

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Angiogenesis is a key factor in promoting tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. In this study we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) in gastric cancer (GC).

    Authors: Sheng Zheng, Zizhen Zhang, Ning Ding, Jiawei Sun, Yifeng Lin, Jingyu Chen, Jing Zhong, Liming Shao, Zhenghua Lin and Meng Xue

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:146

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Short-term survival has improved due to improved surgical techniques and greater efficacy of immunosuppressive dr...

    Authors: Magda Teresa Thomsen, Julie Høgh, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen, Anne Marie Reimer Jensen, Marco Gelpi, Gerda E. Villadsen, Rozeta Abazi, Peter Holland-Fischer, Lars Køber, Otto Clemmesen, Paul Suno Krohn, Jens Hillingsø, Tina Vilsbøll, Tor Biering-Sørensen, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, Børge Grønne Nordestgaard…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:145

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  8. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk irrespective of conventional risk factors. The role of gut-liver interaction is implicated in its development. We inve...

    Authors: Pui Lin Chong, David Laight, Richard J. Aspinall, Antony Higginson and Michael H. Cummings

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:144

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. Alcohol use disorders (AUD) cause 7.2% of UK hospital admissions/year. Most are not managed by hepatologists and liver disease may be missed. We used the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test to investigate preva...

    Authors: Freya Rhodes, Sara Cococcia, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths, Sudeep Tanwar, Rachel H. Westbrook, Alison Rodger and William M. Rosenberg

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:143

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. The preoperative prediction of post hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is essential, but there is no gold standard for the prediction at present, and the efficacy of different methods for the prediction has not ...

    Authors: Rong Fu, Tingting Qiu, Wenwu Ling, Qiang Lu and Yan Luo

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:142

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  11. Ulcerative colitis (UC) has a relapsing and remitting pattern, wherein the underlying mechanisms of the relapse might involve an enhanced uptake of luminal antigens which stimulate the immune response. The tri...

    Authors: Jia-Chen E. Hu, Franziska Weiß, Christian Bojarski, Federica Branchi, Jörg-Dieter Schulzke, Michael Fromm and Susanne M. Krug

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:141

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Our knowledge of the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is uncertain. Recent studies reported an increase in prevalence. However, they excluded a high proportion of ambiguous cases fr...

    Authors: Karoline Freeman, Ronan Ryan, Nicholas Parsons, Sian Taylor-Phillips, Brian H. Willis and Aileen Clarke

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:139

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy (LAH) has gradually become a routine surgical procedure. However, how to expose the whole hepatic vein and avoid the hepatic vein laceration is still a challenge because of th...

    Authors: Shaohe Wang, Yang Yue, Wenjie Zhang, Qiaoyu Liu, Beicheng Sun, Xitai Sun and Decai Yu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:138

    Content type: Technical advance

    Published on:

  15. Despite constipation being a common clinical condition in older adults, the clinical relevance of constipation related to frailty is less studied. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between chronic...

    Authors: Jihye Lim, Hyungchul Park, Heayon Lee, Eunju Lee, Danbi Lee, Hee-Won Jung and Il-Young Jang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:137

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  16. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, primarily due to failed early detection. HCC screening is recommended among individuals with cirrhosis using biannual ab...

    Authors: Jörn Lewin, Denise Kottwitz, Johanna Aoyama, Theo deVos, Jorge Garces, Oliver Hasinger, Stefanie Kasielke, Florian Knaust, Preeti Rathi, Sebastian Rausch, Gunter Weiss, Alexander Zipprich, Edward Mena and Tse-Ling Fong

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:136

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  17. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been recognised as a significant form of chronic liver disease and a common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in a considerable financial burde...

    Authors: Pochamana Phisalprapa, Ratthanon Prasitwarachot, Chayanis Kositamongkol, Pranaidej Hengswat, Weerachai Srivanichakorn, Chaiwat Washirasaksiri, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya and Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:135

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  19. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a type of unexplained nonatherosclerotic vascular disease that usually involves the renal and internal carotid arteries and rarely involves the mesenteric artery. Mesenteric ar...

    Authors: Shuwen Du, Shanbing Yang, Kangmei Jia, Peng Du, Limin Zhang and Jiheng Wang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:133

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  20. The SCCAI was designed to facilitate assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to interrogate the metric properties of individual items of the SCCAI using item response theory (IRT) a...

    Authors: Alissa Walsh, Rena Cao, Darren Wong, Ramona Kantschuster, Lawrence Matini, Jean Wilson, Andrey Kormilitzin, Matthew South, Simon Travis and Sarah Bauermeister

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:132

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. As a secreted adipokine, adipsin has been recently shown to play a pivotal role in metabolic disorders. However, information regarding the association of circulating adipsin with non-alcoholic fatty liver dise...

    Authors: Jinhua Zhang, Kangli Li, Lingling Pan, Fei Teng, Peizhen Zhang, Bingquan Lin, Youwen Yuan, Xueyun Wei, Wenyuan Li and Huijie Zhang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:131

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Individuals with advanced colorectal adenomas (ACAs) are at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is unclear which chemopreventive agent (CPA) is safe and cost-effective for secondary prevention. We ai...

    Authors: Sajesh K. Veettil, Siang Tong Kew, Kean Ghee Lim, Pochamana Phisalprapa, Suresh Kumar, Yeong Yeh Lee and Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:130

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is emerging as an important regulator of tissue homeostasis and wound repair. We aim to explore the colonic mucosal expression of Cyr61 and analyze the association b...

    Authors: Su-Mi Lee, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Seon-Young Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Jin Ook Chung, Jae Kyun Ju, Jae-Hyuk Lee and Hyun Soo Kim

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:129

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Whipple's disease is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the small intestine, but several organs can simultaneously be involved. The disease is caused by a gram-positive bacterium called Tropherym...

    Authors: Nikolaos Melas, Rasjan Amin, Paula Gyllemark, Amil Haji Younes and Sven Almer

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:128

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  25. The etiology of reflux esophagitis (RE) is multi-factorial. This study analyzed the relationship of depression, anxiety, lifestyle and eating habits with RE and its severity and further explored the impact of ...

    Authors: Rongxin Wang, Jing Wang and Shuiqing Hu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:127

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) is a frequent problem in the Intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes leading to worse prognosis in terms of mortality and ICU stay. Nowadays, p...

    Authors: Eman Mohamed Elmokadem, Radwa Maher EL Borolossy, Ahmed M. Bassiouny, Maha Gamil Hanna, Ebtissam Abdel Ghaffar Darweesh and Nagwa A. Sabri

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:126

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. This study was performed to understand the prevalence of and possible risk factors for cholecystolithiasis in Uyghur, Kazakh, Han, and other ethnic groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region of China.

    Authors: Fujun Lv, Guangjun Wang, Dandan Ding, Caifu Shen, Jiangwei Liu, Feng Ji and Yan Kang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:125

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. The reformulated simethicone emulsion from Berlin Chemical AG might develop white flocculate precipitate covering the gastric mucosa when used before esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We aim to investigate whe...

    Authors: Xueqin Chen, Ning Dai, Yanyong Deng, Xin Sun, Mingqing Zhang, Jie Pan, Zhiming Huang, Guoliang Ye, Jianmin Si, Lan Wang and Shujie Chen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:124

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is a potential surrogate marker for intra-hepatic covalently-closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to study the profiles of serum HBcrAg in ...

    Authors: Lung-Yi Mak, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Ka-Shing Cheung, Wai-Kay Seto, James Fung and Man-Fung Yuen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:123

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. The role of IL-12/23 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear. We analyzed mucosal IL-12/23 expression and its relationship with endoscopic severity, histological activity, and UC relapse.

    Authors: Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Tomohisa Takagi, Katsura Mizushima, Mariko Kajiwara-Kubota, Saori Kashiwagi, Yuki Toyokawa, Makoto Tanaka, Yuma Hotta, Kazuhiro Kamada, Takeshi Ishikawa, Hideyuki Konishi, Mitsuo Kishimoto, Yuji Naito and Yoshito Itoh

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:122

    Content type: Research article

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  31. There has been a more pronounced shift toward earlier, more aggressive therapies in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to describe the pre-biologic treatment and health ...

    Authors: Yiting Wang, Rupa Makadia, Christopher Knoll, Jill Hardin, Erica A. Voss, Daniel Fife, Kourtney Davis and Sheldon Sloan

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:121

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. There is increased interest in the therapeutic use of statins in cirrhosis, but preferred statin and safety outcomes are still not well known. In this systematic review we aimed to address pharmacokinetics (PK...

    Authors: Shuen Sung, Mustafa Al-Karaghouli, Sylvia Kalainy, Lourdes Cabrera Garcia and Juan G. Abraldes

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:120

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been accepted as a standard treatment for early gastric cardiac cancer (EGCC). Here, we investigate the clinical outcomes of the EGCC patients who underwent ESD in di...

    Authors: Ting Fan, Qi Sun, Shouli Cao, Xiangshan Fan, Qin Huang, Shu Zhang, Ying Lv, Xiaoqi Zhang, Tingsheng Ling, Lei Wang, Xiaoping Zou and Guifang Xu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:119

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Investigators from different parts of the world are calling for a re-evaluation of the role of liver biopsy (LB) in the evaluation of infantile cholestasis (IC), especially in the light of emerging non-invasiv...

    Authors: Amna Basheer M. Ahmed, Musa Ahmad Fagih, Muhammed Salman Bashir and Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Hussaini

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:118

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. A colorectal cancer screening programme (CCSP) was implemented from 2012 to 2017 in Tianjin, China. Residents with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) or positive self-reported symptom questionnaire (S...

    Authors: Lizhong Zhao, Xiaorui Zhang, Yongjie Chen, Yuan Wang, Weihua Zhang and Wenli Lu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:117

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. The diagnosis of pediatric pancreatitis has been increasing over the last 20 years. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics for pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) with adult AP, and investigate the ris...

    Authors: Rui Zhong, Shali Tan, Yan Peng, Huan Xu, Xin Jiang, Yongfeng Yan, Muhan Lv, Li Liu and Xiaowei Tang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:116

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Liver transplantation (LT) remains the curative treatment for symptomatic Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) patients and is associated with excellent survival rates. The aim of the study is to review the Ontario...

    Authors: Mohammed Alsager, Shuet Fong Neong, Radhika Gandhi, Anouar Teriaky, Ephraim Tang, Anton Skaro, Karim Qumosani, Les Lilly, Zita Galvin, Nazia Selzner, Mamatha Pallavi Bhat, Klajdi Puka and Mayur Brahmania

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:115

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Endoscopic resection has been used for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) and superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with limited risk of lymph node metastasis. However, some of these l...

    Authors: Lang Yang, Hua Jin, Xiao-li Xie, Yang-tian Cao, Zhen-hua Liu, Na Li, Peng Jin, Yu-qi He and Jian-qiu Sheng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:114

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Risk stratification before endoscopy is crucial for proper management of patients suspected as having upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). There is no consensus regarding the role of nasogastric lavage for ...

    Authors: Eun Jeong Gong, Li-chang Hsing, Hyun Il Seo, Myeongsook Seo, Baek Gyu Jun, Jong Kyu Park, Sang Jin Lee, Koon Hee Han, Young Don Kim, Woo Jin Jeong, Gab Jin Cheon and Min-Ju Kim

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:113

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:288

  40. Calcium carbonate antacids are potent over-the-counter antacids, made more effective by adding magnesium carbonate (as in Rennie, Bayer). However, published studies on their onset of action are scarce. Therefo...

    Authors: Maxim Voropaiev and Deborah Nock

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:112

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a heterogenous group of inherited iron-overload conditions that is characterized by increased intestinal absorption and deposition in vital organs. Hepcidin is a soluble regulator...

    Authors: Sohji Nishina, Yasuyuki Tomiyama, Katsuya Ikuta, Yasuaki Tatsumi, Yasumichi Toki, Ayako Kato, Koichi Kato, Naoko Yoshioka, Kyo Sasaki, Yuichi Hara and Keisuke Hino

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:111

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  42. An educational and training program is required for generalization of Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification. However, there is no detailed report on the learning curve of the diagnostic accuracy of endos...

    Authors: Yuki Okamoto, Shiro Oka, Shinji Tanaka, Yuki Kamigaichi, Hirosato Tamari, Yasutsugu Shimohara, Tomoyuki Nishimura, Katsuaki Inagaki, Hidenori Tanaka, Kenta Matsumoto, Ken Yamashita, Kyoku Sumimoto, Yuki Ninomiya, Nana Hayashi, Yasuhiko Kitadai, Kenichi Yoshimura…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:110

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Shanshan Chen, Haijun Huang and Wei Huang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:109

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:4

  44. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Tongluk Teerasarntipan, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Piyapan Prueksapanich and Duangporn Werawatganon

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:108

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Gastroenterology 2020 20:263

  45. It is well established that the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score was correlated with long-term outcomes in gastric cancer (GC), but the significance of CONUT for postoperative short-term outcomes r...

    Authors: Feng Sun, Chen Zhang, Zhijian Liu, Shichao Ai, Wenxian Guan and Song Liu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:107

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Vaping, or e-cigarettes, heat nicotine and other chemicals to create a vapor that is inhaled. The practice has gained rapid popularity with 41 million people globally reporting regular or occasional use. Altho...

    Authors: Trisha Satya Pasricha and Bharati Kochar

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:106

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  47. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and difficult to treat and its pathogenesis is closely related to gut microbiota. However, differences in gut microbiota of patients in different regions make it more d...

    Authors: Lijun Mei, Jiaoli Zhou, Yimo Su, Kunhong Mao, Jing Wu, Caicai Zhu, Ling He and Ying Cui

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:105

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. The gastrointestinal tract is sa well-known site for extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with the stomach is known to be the most common site on lymphoma, primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). The lymphoproliferative ...

    Authors: Moiz Ahmed, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Umer Syed, Tasur Seen and Aaron Walfish

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:104

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  49. We investigated the utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in biliary cannulation in comparison with the conventional pancreatic guidewire (PGW) method.

    Authors: Shuhei Shintani, Osamu Inatomi, Yoshiya Takeda, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Takehide Fujimoto, Yoshihisa Tsuji, Hiromu Kutsumi and Akira Andoh

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:102

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Several modifications of the Kimura procedure for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) have been reported, however, their effects on the outcomes show conflicting results.

    Authors: Munawir Makkadafi, Aditya Rifqi Fauzi, Setya Wandita, Akhmad Makhmudi and Gunadi

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:100

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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