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  1. Constipation and obesity have common risk factors. However, little is known about the occurrence of constipation in individuals with severe obesity and the associated factors.

    Authors: Erika Aparecida Silveira, Annelisa Silva e Alves de Carvalho Santos, Jessivane Nascimento Ribeiro, Matias Noll, Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues and Cesar de Oliveira

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:217

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of SIRT with Y-90 microspheres and determined prognostic factors affecting patients with unresectable HCC.

    Authors: Nguyen Van Thai, Nguyen Tien Thinh, Thai Doan Ky, Mai Hong Bang, Dinh Truong Giang, Le Ngoc Ha, Mai Hong Son, Dao Duc Tien and Hyun Woong Lee

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:216

    Content type: Research

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  3. The normalization of liver biochemical parameters usually reflects the histological response to treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Researchers have not clearly determined whether different...

    Authors: Qianqian Ma, Xianhua Liao, Congxiang Shao, Yansong Lin, Tingfeng Wu, Yanhong Sun, Shi-Ting Feng, Junzhao Ye and Bihui Zhong

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:215

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Portal hypertension induced esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding is the main cause of death among patients of decompensated liver cirrhosis. Therefore, a standardized, biomarker-based test, to make an earl...

    Authors: Ying Zhu, Wen Xu, Wei Hu, Fang Wang, Yan Zhou, Jianguo Xu and Wei Gong

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:214

    Content type: Research

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  5. Colorectal cancer on the right side of the colon has been suggested to be harder to detect by colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a second forward-view examination of the right side of t...

    Authors: Keshu Shan, Hongpeng Lu, Zhixin Zhang, Jiarong Xie, Lu Xu, Weihong Wang, Chunjiu Hu and Lei Xu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:213

    Content type: Research

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  6. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new definition for liver disease associated with known metabolic dysfunction. Based on new diagnostic criteria, we aimed to investigate its prevalence and ...

    Authors: Yu-ling Chen, Hao Li, Shu Li, Zhou Xu, Shen Tian, Juan Wu, Xin-yu Liang, Xin Li, Zi-li Liu, Jun Xiao, Jia-ying Wei, Chen-yu Ma, Kai-nan Wu, Liang Ran and Ling-quan Kong

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:212

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is associated with the outcome of pancreatic disease. However, there is no method for assessing PEI that can be used noninvasively and easily for outpatient. It has been...

    Authors: Kota Uetsuki, Hiroki Kawashima, Eizaburo Ohno, Takuya Ishikawa, Tadashi Iida, Kenta Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Masanao Nakamura, Takashi Honda, Masatoshi Ishigami, Yoshiki Hirooka and Mitsuhiro Fujishiro

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:211

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Most of the infected people have no clinical symptoms. The current strategy for HCV elimination include...

    Authors: Hsu-Heng Yen, Pei-Yuan Su, I.-L.ing Liu, Ya-Huei Zeng, Siou-Ping Huang, Yu-Chun Hsu, Po-Ke Hsu and Yang-Yuan Chen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:209

    Content type: Research

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  10. Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pancreas with pseudocysts, especially diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), is extremely rare.

    Authors: Xia Qiu, Yajie Meng, Meiqin Lu, Chuan Tian, Min Wang and Junwen Zhang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:208

    Content type: Case report

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  12. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease, and few cases combine with Crohn’s disease. We present the first SLE patient concurrent with Crohn’s disease and rectovaginal fistula. ...

    Authors: Heng Yeh, Ren-Chin Wu, Wen-Sy Tsai, Chia-Jung Kuo, Ming-Yao Su, Cheng-Tang Chiu and Puo-Hsien Le

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:206

    Content type: Case report

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  14. The projection studies are imperative to satisfy demands for health care systems and proper response to the public health problems such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

    Authors: Meysam Olfatifar, Mohammad Reza Zali, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi, Hedieh Balaii, Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami, Maria Ivanchuk, Pavlo Ivanchuk, Saeed hashemi Nazari, Shabnam shahrokh, Siamak Sabour, Soheila Khodakarim, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Pejman Rohani and Gholamhossein Mehralian

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:204

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Endoscopic resection for large, laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) in the cecum is challenging. Here we report on the clinical outcomes of hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in large cecal LSTs.

    Authors: Xiang-Yao Wang, Ning-Li Chai, Ya-Qi Zhai, Long-Song Li, Zan-Tao Wang, Jia-Le Zou, Yong-Sheng Shi and En-Qiang Linghu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:203

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Transpapillary biliary drainage in ERCP is an established method for symptomatic treatment of patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage frequently rem...

    Authors: Mateusz Jagielski, Michał Zieliński, Jacek Piątkowski and Marek Jackowski

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:202

    Content type: Research

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  17. The clinical endoscopic phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are classified as Barrett's esophagus (BE), erosive esophagitis (EE) and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD). NERD is...

    Authors: Mónica R. Zavala-Solares, Gabriela Fonseca-Camarillo, Miguel Valdovinos, Julio Granados, Guido Grajales-Figueroa, Luis Zamora-Nava, Nancy Aguilar-Olivos, Luis R. Valdovinos-García and Jesús K. Yamamoto-Furusho

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:201

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Cirrhosis can be complicated by electrolyte abnormalities, but the major focus has been concentrated on the clinical significance of serum sodium levels. Emerging studies have identified hypochloremia as an in...

    Authors: Yun Ji and Libin Li

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:200

    Content type: Research

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  19. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The number of elderly patients with CRC increases due to aging of the population. There are few studies that examined chemotherapy and pr...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Hisada, Yu Takahashi, Manabu Kubota, Haruhisa Shimura, Ei Itobayashi, Kenji Shimura and Akira Nakamura

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:199

    Content type: Research

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  20. Understanding the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is important for determining optimal management and predicting prognosis in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the p...

    Authors: Mohammed Elfatih Hamida, Saud Mohammed Raja, Yemane Seyoum, Isam Mohammed Elkhidir and Freweini Tekle

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:198

    Content type: Research

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  21. Fecal biomarkers are considered to be useful surrogate markers for endoscopic activity. Given the mechanisms of fecal biomarkers, we hypothesized that the extent of ulcerative colitis (UC; pancolitis, left-sid...

    Authors: Akihito Sakuraba, Nobuki Nemoto, Noritaka Hibi, Ryo Ozaki, Sotaro Tokunaga, Oki Kikuchi, Shintaro Minowa, Tatsuya Mitsui, Miki Miura, Daisuke Saito, Mari Hayashida, Jun Miyoshi, Minoru Matsuura, Masayoshi Yoneyama, Hiroaki Ohnishi and Tadakazu Hisamatsu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:197

    Content type: Research

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  22. Spinach has high antioxidants and polyphenols and showed protective effects against liver diseases in experimental studies. We aimed to assess the association between dietary intake of spinach and odds of nona...

    Authors: Ebrahim Mokhtari, Hossein Farhadnejad, Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi, Narjes Najibi, Mina Azadi, Farshad Teymoori and Parvin Mirmiran

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:196

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Donor age is an important predictor for liver transplant recipients. Studies have not fully explored its impact on transplant outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients as well as its involvement in t...

    Authors: Jie Zhou, Zhichao Huang, Zheng Chen, Fangshen Xu, Rongliang Tong and Shusen Zheng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:195

    Content type: Research

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  24. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a complex group of tumours that occur in many organs. Routinely used IHC markers for NEN diagnosis include CgA, synaptophysin, Ki67 and CD56. These have limitations includin...

    Authors: Abhirami Venugopal, Jessie Gillick-Walker, Agnes Michalczyk, Mustafa Khasraw and M. Leigh Ackland

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:194

    Content type: Case report

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  26. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally, and the disease is frequently managed surgically. The aim of this study was to investigate the time trends and geographic distribution...

    Authors: Flávia Gonçalves Musauer Palacio, Lucila Marieta Perrotta de Souza, Jéssica Pronestino de Lima Moreira, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza and Cyrla Zaltman

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:192

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop metastases most commonly in the liver. Liver transplantation (LT) can be used in certain cases of primary liver malignancy or in metastatic di...

    Authors: Mahmoud Tabbal, Abdullah Mahmoud Alkhalifa, Abdullah Saleh AlQattan, Mohammed AlJawad, Mansour Ahmed Tawfeeq and Mohammed Saad Al Qahtani

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:191

    Content type: Case report

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  29. Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. We aimed to examine the long-term (> 20 years) mortality and hepatocellular carcinoma rates and associated risk ...

    Authors: Shunichiro Fujiyama, Norio Akuta, Hitomi Sezaki, Mariko Kobayashi, Yusuke Kawamura, Tetsuya Hosaka, Masahiro Kobayashi, Satoshi Saitoh, Fumitaka Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yasuji Arase, Kenji Ikeda and Hiromitsu Kumada

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:189

    Content type: Research

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  30. Currently, there are no circulating diagnostic biomarkers for gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs). In previous studies, we found that miRNA-202-3p is overexpressed in the tumour tissue of type 1 g-NEN. W...

    Authors: Dou Dou, Xiao-kou Li, Qi-sheng Xia, Ying-ying Chen, Yuan-liang Li, Chao Wang, Zhi-rong Qi and Huang-ying Tan

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:188

    Content type: Research

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  31. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a considerable public health problem, which has caused a burden on health systems in many countries. Despite the existence of multiple studies on the different digestive symptoms and...

    Authors: Fernando Sierra-Arango, Cathalina Vergara-Cabra, Mariana Vásquez-Roldan and Erika D. Pérez-Riveros

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:187

    Content type: Case report

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  32. In contrast to adults, for whom guidelines on the cholelithiasis treatment exist, there is no consistent treatment of pediatric patients with cholelithiasis throughout national and international departments, m...

    Authors: Sonja Diez, Hanna Müller, Christel Weiss, Vera Schellerer and Manuel Besendörfer

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:186

    Content type: Research

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  33. Since December 2019, China has experienced a public health emergency from the coronavirus disease, which has become a pandemic and is impacting the care of cancer patients worldwide. This study evaluated the i...

    Authors: Yun Xu, Zong-Hao Huang, Charlie Zhi-Lin Zheng, Cong Li, Yu-Qin Zhang, Tian-An Guo, Fang-Qi Liu and Ye Xu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:185

    Content type: Research article

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  34. TAS-102 plus bevacizumab is an anticipated combination regimen for patients who have metastatic colorectal cancer. However, evidence supporting its use for this indication is limited. We compared the cost-effe...

    Authors: Kiyoaki Sugiura, Yuki Seo, Takayuki Takahashi, Hideyuki Tokura, Yasuhiro Ito, Motomu Tanaka, Norihiro Kishida, Yusuke Nishi, Yoshihiko Onishi and Hikaru Aoki

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:184

    Content type: Research

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  35. Portal hepatic schwannoma is a rare benign tumor and difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of its rarity and imaging manifestations that mimic malignancy. We present a case of portal hepatic schwannoma ...

    Authors: Maki Amano, Yasuo Amano, Ryo Takagi, Xiaoyan Tang, Yuko Omori and Masahiro Okada

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:183

    Content type: Case report

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  36. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are effective treatment methods for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is still a lack of clinical research on ...

    Authors: Liangliang Yan, Yanqiao Ren, Kun Qian, Xuefeng Kan, Hongsen Zhang, Lei Chen, Bin Liang and Chuansheng Zheng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:182

    Content type: Research

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  37. In general, all virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are involved in its infections. However, recent studies have shown that the homB gene is one of the virulence genes that affects the severity o...

    Authors: Masoud Keikha and Mohsen Karbalaei

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:181

    Content type: Research

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  38. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 20–30% of the general adult population. NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at an increased risk of advanced fibrosis, which puts them at r...

    Authors: Patrik Nasr, Fredrik Iredahl, Nils Dahlström, Karin Rådholm, Pontus Henriksson, Gunnar Cedersund, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Tino Ebbers, Joakim Alfredsson, Carl-Johan Carlhäll, Peter Lundberg, Stergios Kechagias and Mattias Ekstedt

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:180

    Content type: Study protocol

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  40. Acute pancreatitis (AP) lacks targeted prevention and treatment measures. Some key points in the pathogenesis of AP remain unclear, such as early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Several recent reports have s...

    Authors: Kun Li, Hongling Yin, Yi Duan, Peizhen Lai, Yancheng Cai and Youzhen Wei

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:178

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Predicting imminent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhotic patients is an unmet medical need. We aimed to investigate circulatory biomarkers and their optimum combinations in a prospective study.

    Authors: Kung-Hao Liang, Ming-Wei Lai, Yang-Hsiang Lin, Yu-De Chu, Chih-Lang Lin, Wey-Ran Lin, Ya-Hui Huang, Tong-Hung Wang, Rong-Nan Chien, Tsung-Hui Hu and Chau-Ting Yeh

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:177

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a relatively safe and convenient mode of treatment for ureteral and renal stones, despite its relative safety; ESWL is not without its complications. We present ...

    Authors: Elaine N. Gitonga and Haitao Shen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:176

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  43. There is a lack of studies regarding the optimal timing for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with cholangitis caused by distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). This study a...

    Authors: Namyoung Park, Sang Hyub Lee, Min Su You, Joo Seong Kim, Gunn Huh, Jung Won Chun, In Rae Cho, Woo Hyun Paik, Ji Kon Ryu and Yong-Tae Kim

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:175

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global priority, with many countries conducting population-based CRC screening programs. Although colonoscopy is the most accurate diagnostic meth...

    Authors: Chang Woo Kim, Hyunjin Kim, Hyoung Rae Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, Hyung Jin Kim, Byung Soh Min, Tae Jeong Oh, Sungwhan An and Suk-Hwan Lee

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:173

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  46. Physical activity may affect disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We used a survey to investigate this association and performed interviews to get a better understanding of patient exp...

    Authors: Carlijn R. Lamers, Nicole M. de Roos, Lola J. M. Koppelman, Maria T. E. Hopman and Ben J. M. Witteman

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:172

    Content type: Research article

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  47. The prevalence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and emerging as a global health burden. In addition to environmental factors, numerous studies have shown that genetic factors play an ...

    Authors: Yang fan Li, Jing Zheng, He wei Peng, Xiao lin Cai, Xin ting Pan, Hui quan Li, Qi zhu Hong, Zhi jian Hu, Yun li Wu and Xian-E. Peng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:171

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Surgical resection remains the best option for long-term survival in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, surgery can lead to tumor cell release into the circulation. Previous studies have also shown that surgery...

    Authors: Xing-Xing Liu, Jun Su, Yuan-yuan Long, Miao He and Zhao-Qiong Zhu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:169

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. Amyand’s hernia was an unusual condition defined by the presence of an appendix located in the inguinal hernia sac. Its prevalence was 1% of all inguinal hernia in children. The clinical manifestation of Amyan...

    Authors: Supangat, Henggar Allest Pratama, Nanda Eka Sri Sejati, Brenda Desy Romadhon and Ina Sulistyani

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:165

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  50. Hydatid cysts are parasitic zoonoses that often occur in the liver. Pancreatic hydatid cysts are very rare and are usually misdiagnosed as pancreatic cystadenomas. At present, surgical resection combined with ...

    Authors: Yilei Wu, Jun Gong, Wei Xiong, Xiaojiong Yu and Xiangyu Lu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:164

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

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