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  1. The clinical endoscopic phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are classified as Barrett's esophagus (BE), erosive esophagitis (EE) and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD). NERD is...

    Authors: Mónica R. Zavala-Solares, Gabriela Fonseca-Camarillo, Miguel Valdovinos, Julio Granados, Guido Grajales-Figueroa, Luis Zamora-Nava, Nancy Aguilar-Olivos, Luis R. Valdovinos-García and Jesús K. Yamamoto-Furusho

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:201

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Cirrhosis can be complicated by electrolyte abnormalities, but the major focus has been concentrated on the clinical significance of serum sodium levels. Emerging studies have identified hypochloremia as an in...

    Authors: Yun Ji and Libin Li

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:200

    Content type: Research

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  3. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The number of elderly patients with CRC increases due to aging of the population. There are few studies that examined chemotherapy and pr...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Hisada, Yu Takahashi, Manabu Kubota, Haruhisa Shimura, Ei Itobayashi, Kenji Shimura and Akira Nakamura

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:199

    Content type: Research

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  4. Understanding the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is important for determining optimal management and predicting prognosis in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the p...

    Authors: Mohammed Elfatih Hamida, Saud Mohammed Raja, Yemane Seyoum, Isam Mohammed Elkhidir and Freweini Tekle

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:198

    Content type: Research

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  5. Fecal biomarkers are considered to be useful surrogate markers for endoscopic activity. Given the mechanisms of fecal biomarkers, we hypothesized that the extent of ulcerative colitis (UC; pancolitis, left-sid...

    Authors: Akihito Sakuraba, Nobuki Nemoto, Noritaka Hibi, Ryo Ozaki, Sotaro Tokunaga, Oki Kikuchi, Shintaro Minowa, Tatsuya Mitsui, Miki Miura, Daisuke Saito, Mari Hayashida, Jun Miyoshi, Minoru Matsuura, Masayoshi Yoneyama, Hiroaki Ohnishi and Tadakazu Hisamatsu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:197

    Content type: Research

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  6. Spinach has high antioxidants and polyphenols and showed protective effects against liver diseases in experimental studies. We aimed to assess the association between dietary intake of spinach and odds of nona...

    Authors: Ebrahim Mokhtari, Hossein Farhadnejad, Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi, Narjes Najibi, Mina Azadi, Farshad Teymoori and Parvin Mirmiran

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:196

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Donor age is an important predictor for liver transplant recipients. Studies have not fully explored its impact on transplant outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients as well as its involvement in t...

    Authors: Jie Zhou, Zhichao Huang, Zheng Chen, Fangshen Xu, Rongliang Tong and Shusen Zheng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:195

    Content type: Research

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  8. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a complex group of tumours that occur in many organs. Routinely used IHC markers for NEN diagnosis include CgA, synaptophysin, Ki67 and CD56. These have limitations includin...

    Authors: Abhirami Venugopal, Jessie Gillick-Walker, Agnes Michalczyk, Mustafa Khasraw and M. Leigh Ackland

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:194

    Content type: Case report

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  10. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally, and the disease is frequently managed surgically. The aim of this study was to investigate the time trends and geographic distribution...

    Authors: Flávia Gonçalves Musauer Palacio, Lucila Marieta Perrotta de Souza, Jéssica Pronestino de Lima Moreira, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza and Cyrla Zaltman

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:192

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop metastases most commonly in the liver. Liver transplantation (LT) can be used in certain cases of primary liver malignancy or in metastatic di...

    Authors: Mahmoud Tabbal, Abdullah Mahmoud Alkhalifa, Abdullah Saleh AlQattan, Mohammed AlJawad, Mansour Ahmed Tawfeeq and Mohammed Saad Al Qahtani

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:191

    Content type: Case report

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  13. Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. We aimed to examine the long-term (> 20 years) mortality and hepatocellular carcinoma rates and associated risk ...

    Authors: Shunichiro Fujiyama, Norio Akuta, Hitomi Sezaki, Mariko Kobayashi, Yusuke Kawamura, Tetsuya Hosaka, Masahiro Kobayashi, Satoshi Saitoh, Fumitaka Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yasuji Arase, Kenji Ikeda and Hiromitsu Kumada

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:189

    Content type: Research

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  14. Currently, there are no circulating diagnostic biomarkers for gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs). In previous studies, we found that miRNA-202-3p is overexpressed in the tumour tissue of type 1 g-NEN. W...

    Authors: Dou Dou, Xiao-kou Li, Qi-sheng Xia, Ying-ying Chen, Yuan-liang Li, Chao Wang, Zhi-rong Qi and Huang-ying Tan

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:188

    Content type: Research

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  15. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a considerable public health problem, which has caused a burden on health systems in many countries. Despite the existence of multiple studies on the different digestive symptoms and...

    Authors: Fernando Sierra-Arango, Cathalina Vergara-Cabra, Mariana Vásquez-Roldan and Erika D. Pérez-Riveros

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:187

    Content type: Case report

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  16. In contrast to adults, for whom guidelines on the cholelithiasis treatment exist, there is no consistent treatment of pediatric patients with cholelithiasis throughout national and international departments, m...

    Authors: Sonja Diez, Hanna Müller, Christel Weiss, Vera Schellerer and Manuel Besendörfer

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:186

    Content type: Research

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  17. Since December 2019, China has experienced a public health emergency from the coronavirus disease, which has become a pandemic and is impacting the care of cancer patients worldwide. This study evaluated the i...

    Authors: Yun Xu, Zong-Hao Huang, Charlie Zhi-Lin Zheng, Cong Li, Yu-Qin Zhang, Tian-An Guo, Fang-Qi Liu and Ye Xu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:185

    Content type: Research article

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  18. TAS-102 plus bevacizumab is an anticipated combination regimen for patients who have metastatic colorectal cancer. However, evidence supporting its use for this indication is limited. We compared the cost-effe...

    Authors: Kiyoaki Sugiura, Yuki Seo, Takayuki Takahashi, Hideyuki Tokura, Yasuhiro Ito, Motomu Tanaka, Norihiro Kishida, Yusuke Nishi, Yoshihiko Onishi and Hikaru Aoki

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:184

    Content type: Research

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  19. Portal hepatic schwannoma is a rare benign tumor and difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of its rarity and imaging manifestations that mimic malignancy. We present a case of portal hepatic schwannoma ...

    Authors: Maki Amano, Yasuo Amano, Ryo Takagi, Xiaoyan Tang, Yuko Omori and Masahiro Okada

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:183

    Content type: Case report

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  20. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are effective treatment methods for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is still a lack of clinical research on ...

    Authors: Liangliang Yan, Yanqiao Ren, Kun Qian, Xuefeng Kan, Hongsen Zhang, Lei Chen, Bin Liang and Chuansheng Zheng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:182

    Content type: Research

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  21. In general, all virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are involved in its infections. However, recent studies have shown that the homB gene is one of the virulence genes that affects the severity o...

    Authors: Masoud Keikha and Mohsen Karbalaei

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:181

    Content type: Research

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  22. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 20–30% of the general adult population. NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at an increased risk of advanced fibrosis, which puts them at r...

    Authors: Patrik Nasr, Fredrik Iredahl, Nils Dahlström, Karin Rådholm, Pontus Henriksson, Gunnar Cedersund, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Tino Ebbers, Joakim Alfredsson, Carl-Johan Carlhäll, Peter Lundberg, Stergios Kechagias and Mattias Ekstedt

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:180

    Content type: Study protocol

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  24. Acute pancreatitis (AP) lacks targeted prevention and treatment measures. Some key points in the pathogenesis of AP remain unclear, such as early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Several recent reports have s...

    Authors: Kun Li, Hongling Yin, Yi Duan, Peizhen Lai, Yancheng Cai and Youzhen Wei

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:178

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Predicting imminent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhotic patients is an unmet medical need. We aimed to investigate circulatory biomarkers and their optimum combinations in a prospective study.

    Authors: Kung-Hao Liang, Ming-Wei Lai, Yang-Hsiang Lin, Yu-De Chu, Chih-Lang Lin, Wey-Ran Lin, Ya-Hui Huang, Tong-Hung Wang, Rong-Nan Chien, Tsung-Hui Hu and Chau-Ting Yeh

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:177

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a relatively safe and convenient mode of treatment for ureteral and renal stones, despite its relative safety; ESWL is not without its complications. We present ...

    Authors: Elaine N. Gitonga and Haitao Shen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:176

    Content type: Case report

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  27. There is a lack of studies regarding the optimal timing for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with cholangitis caused by distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). This study a...

    Authors: Namyoung Park, Sang Hyub Lee, Min Su You, Joo Seong Kim, Gunn Huh, Jung Won Chun, In Rae Cho, Woo Hyun Paik, Ji Kon Ryu and Yong-Tae Kim

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:175

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global priority, with many countries conducting population-based CRC screening programs. Although colonoscopy is the most accurate diagnostic meth...

    Authors: Chang Woo Kim, Hyunjin Kim, Hyoung Rae Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, Hyung Jin Kim, Byung Soh Min, Tae Jeong Oh, Sungwhan An and Suk-Hwan Lee

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:173

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  30. Physical activity may affect disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We used a survey to investigate this association and performed interviews to get a better understanding of patient exp...

    Authors: Carlijn R. Lamers, Nicole M. de Roos, Lola J. M. Koppelman, Maria T. E. Hopman and Ben J. M. Witteman

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:172

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The prevalence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and emerging as a global health burden. In addition to environmental factors, numerous studies have shown that genetic factors play an ...

    Authors: Yang fan Li, Jing Zheng, He wei Peng, Xiao lin Cai, Xin ting Pan, Hui quan Li, Qi zhu Hong, Zhi jian Hu, Yun li Wu and Xian-E. Peng

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:171

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression include visceral fat accumulation and loss of muscle mass; however, which of the two phenomena is more critical is unclear. Therefore, we intende...

    Authors: Teruki Miyake, Masumi Miyazaki, Osamu Yoshida, Sayaka Kanzaki, Hironobu Nakaguchi, Yoshiko Nakamura, Takao Watanabe, Yasunori Yamamoto, Yohei Koizumi, Yoshio Tokumoto, Masashi Hirooka, Shinya Furukawa, Eiji Takeshita, Teru Kumagi, Yoshio Ikeda, Masanori Abe…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:170

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Surgical resection remains the best option for long-term survival in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, surgery can lead to tumor cell release into the circulation. Previous studies have also shown that surgery...

    Authors: Xing-Xing Liu, Jun Su, Yuan-yuan Long, Miao He and Zhao-Qiong Zhu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:169

    Content type: Research

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  34. Colorectum diversion with a proximal stoma is often the preferred surgical approach in patients with Crohn's disease-related anorectal lesions or refractory colitis. To date, few studies have assessed the inci...

    Authors: Hirosuke Kuroki, Akira Sugita, Kazutaka Koganei, Kenji Tatsumi, Ryo Futatsuki, Eiichi Nakao, Nao Obara and Katsuhiko Arai

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:168

    Content type: Research

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  35. Defects in interleukin 10 (IL10) and its receptors are particularly involved in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). However, large fragment deletions of IL10 receptor A (IL10RA) are rare.

    Authors: Zifei Tang, Ping Zhang, Min Ji, Chunlan Yin, Ruiqin Zhao, Zhiheng Huang and Ying Huang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:167

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a major nosocomial pathogen that infects the human gut and can cause diarrheal disease. A dominant risk factor is antibiotic treatment that disrupts the normal gut micro...

    Authors: Dana Binyamin, Orna Nitzan, Maya Azrad, Zohar Hamo, Omry Koren and Avi Peretz

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:166

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Amyand’s hernia was an unusual condition defined by the presence of an appendix located in the inguinal hernia sac. Its prevalence was 1% of all inguinal hernia in children. The clinical manifestation of Amyan...

    Authors: Supangat, Henggar Allest Pratama, Nanda Eka Sri Sejati, Brenda Desy Romadhon and Ina Sulistyani

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:165

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  38. Hydatid cysts are parasitic zoonoses that often occur in the liver. Pancreatic hydatid cysts are very rare and are usually misdiagnosed as pancreatic cystadenomas. At present, surgical resection combined with ...

    Authors: Yilei Wu, Jun Gong, Wei Xiong, Xiaojiong Yu and Xiangyu Lu

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:164

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  39. Deficiency of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP7B1, is associated with fatal infantile progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. Most reported patients with CYP7B1 muta...

    Authors: Yun-Ping Tang, Jing-Yu Gong, Kenneth D. R. Setchell, Wujuan Zhang, Jing Zhao and Jian-She Wang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:163

    Content type: Case report

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  40. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the pancreas is a new disease concept defined by the World Health Organization in 2010. ITPN progresses with tubulopapillary growth in the pancreatic duct and is ...

    Authors: Atsushi Yamaguchi, Takuro Hamada, Kaoru Wada, Riho Moriuchi, Kanae Tao, Hirona Konishi, Yuzuru Tamaru, Ryusaku Kusunoki, Toshio Kuwai, Hirotaka Kouno, Kohei Ishiyama, Naoto Hadano, Takeshi Sudo, Naoyuki Toyota, Junichi Zaitsu, Kazuya Kuraoka…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:162

    Content type: Case report

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  41. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with recurrent episodes of debilitating symptoms negatively affecting work productivity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The use of bi...

    Authors: Niels Teich, Harald Grümmer, Eric Jörgensen, Thomas Liceni, Frank Holtkamp-Endemann, Tim Fischer and Susanne Hohenberger

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:161

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Defining clinical phenotypes provides opportunities for new diagnostics and may provide insights into early intervention and disease prevention. There is increasing evidence that patient-derived health data ma...

    Authors: Tianyun Liu, Lichy Han, Mera Tilley, Lovisa Afzelius, Mateusz Maciejewski, Scott Jelinsky, Chao Tian, Matthew McIntyre, Nan Bing, Kenneth Hung and Russ B. Altman

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:160

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Living with undiagnosed symptomatic coeliac disease is connected with deteriorated health, and persons with coeliac disease often wait a long time for their diagnosis. A mass screening would lower the delay, b...

    Authors: Fredrik Norström, Anna Myléus, Katrina Nordyke, Annelie Carlsson, Lotta Högberg, Olof Sandström, Lars Stenhammar, Anneli Ivarsson and Lars Lindholm

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:159

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Systemic vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) have an extremely wide variety of symptoms, therefore the fast and proper diagnosis is difficult to establish even for exper...

    Authors: Nóra Ledó and Ákos Géza Pethő

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:158

    Content type: Case report

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  45. Clinically diagnosing high-grade (III–V) rectal prolapse might be difficult, and the prolapse can often be overlooked. Even though defecography is the significant diagnostic tool for rectal prolapse, it is not...

    Authors: Byung-Soo Park, Sung Hwan Cho, Gyung Mo Son, Hyun Sung Kim, Yong-Hoon Cho, Dae Gon Ryu, Su Jin Kim, Su Bum Park, Cheol Woong Choi, Hyung Wook Kim, Tae Un Kim, Dong Soo Suh, Myunghee Yoon and Hong Jae Jo

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:157

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is a very rare and highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. It is difficult to diagnose because of the lack of typical clinical features, and the treatment protocols for PHA are...

    Authors: Lei Jiang, Lijun Xie, Ge Li, Hang Xie, Zhao Fang, Xinran Cai and Yanling Chen

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:156

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Accurate characterization of small nodules in a cirrhotic liver is challenging. We aimed to determine the additive value of MRI-based radiomics analysis to Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 ...

    Authors: Xi Zhong, Tianpei Guan, Danrui Tang, Jiansheng Li, Bingui Lu, Shuzhong Cui and Hongsheng Tang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:155

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition. However, there is no accurate method to predict intestinal necrosis in AMI patients that may facilitate early surgical intervention. This study ...

    Authors: Xinsuo Zhuang, Fumei Chen, Qian Zhou, Yuanrun Zhu and Xiaofeng Yang

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:154

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. The role of radiotherapy for cT4bNanyM0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESqCC) is relatively unclear, with both chemotherapy (C/T) alone and definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT) being treatment ...

    Authors: Chia-Chin Li, Chih-Yi Chen, Ying-Hsiang Chou, Chih-Jen Huang, Hsiu-Ying Ku and Chun-Ru Chien

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:153

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Although the association between eating habits which can be modified and digestive diseases has been reported, to date, no research has evaluated the association between eating habits and ulcerative colitis (U...

    Authors: Shinya Furukawa, Sen Yagi, Kana Shiraishi, Yu Hashimoto, Shogo Kitahata, Masakazu Hanayama, Kazuhiro Tange, Kenichiro Mori, Tomoyuki Ninomiya, Seiyuu Suzuki, Naozumi Shibata, Hidehiro Murakami, Katsuhisa Ohashi, Aki Hasebe, Hideomi Tomida, Yasunori Yamamoto…

    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:152

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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