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  1. Risk stratification before endoscopy is crucial for proper management of patients suspected as having upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). There is no consensus regarding the role of nasogastric lavage for ...

    Authors: Eun Jeong Gong, Li-chang Hsing, Hyun Il Seo, Myeongsook Seo, Baek Gyu Jun, Jong Kyu Park, Sang Jin Lee, Koon Hee Han, Young Don Kim, Woo Jin Jeong, Gab Jin Cheon and Min-Ju Kim
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:113

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:288

  2. Calcium carbonate antacids are potent over-the-counter antacids, made more effective by adding magnesium carbonate (as in Rennie, Bayer). However, published studies on their onset of action are scarce. Therefo...

    Authors: Maxim Voropaiev and Deborah Nock
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:112
  3. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a heterogenous group of inherited iron-overload conditions that is characterized by increased intestinal absorption and deposition in vital organs. Hepcidin is a soluble regulator...

    Authors: Sohji Nishina, Yasuyuki Tomiyama, Katsuya Ikuta, Yasuaki Tatsumi, Yasumichi Toki, Ayako Kato, Koichi Kato, Naoko Yoshioka, Kyo Sasaki, Yuichi Hara and Keisuke Hino
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:111
  4. An educational and training program is required for generalization of Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification. However, there is no detailed report on the learning curve of the diagnostic accuracy of endos...

    Authors: Yuki Okamoto, Shiro Oka, Shinji Tanaka, Yuki Kamigaichi, Hirosato Tamari, Yasutsugu Shimohara, Tomoyuki Nishimura, Katsuaki Inagaki, Hidenori Tanaka, Kenta Matsumoto, Ken Yamashita, Kyoku Sumimoto, Yuki Ninomiya, Nana Hayashi, Yasuhiko Kitadai, Kenichi Yoshimura…
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:110
  5. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Shanshan Chen, Haijun Huang and Wei Huang
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:109

    The original article was published in BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:4

  6. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Tongluk Teerasarntipan, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Piyapan Prueksapanich and Duangporn Werawatganon
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:108

    The original article was published in BMC Gastroenterology 2020 20:263

  7. It is well established that the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score was correlated with long-term outcomes in gastric cancer (GC), but the significance of CONUT for postoperative short-term outcomes r...

    Authors: Feng Sun, Chen Zhang, Zhijian Liu, Shichao Ai, Wenxian Guan and Song Liu
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:107
  8. Vaping, or e-cigarettes, heat nicotine and other chemicals to create a vapor that is inhaled. The practice has gained rapid popularity with 41 million people globally reporting regular or occasional use. Altho...

    Authors: Trisha Satya Pasricha and Bharati Kochar
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:106
  9. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and difficult to treat and its pathogenesis is closely related to gut microbiota. However, differences in gut microbiota of patients in different regions make it more d...

    Authors: Lijun Mei, Jiaoli Zhou, Yimo Su, Kunhong Mao, Jing Wu, Caicai Zhu, Ling He and Ying Cui
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:105
  10. The gastrointestinal tract is sa well-known site for extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with the stomach is known to be the most common site on lymphoma, primary gastric lymphoma (PGL). The lymphoproliferative ...

    Authors: Moiz Ahmed, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Umer Syed, Tasur Seen and Aaron Walfish
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:104
  11. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cancer burden, and prognosis is determined by many demographic and clinicopathologic factors. The present study aimed to construct a prognostic nomogram for colorectal cancer...

    Authors: Zheng Liu, Yao Xu, Guijun Xu, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Vladimir P. Chekhonin, Karl Peltzer, Wenjuan Ma, Xin Wang, Guowen Wang and Chao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:103
  12. We investigated the utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in biliary cannulation in comparison with the conventional pancreatic guidewire (PGW) method.

    Authors: Shuhei Shintani, Osamu Inatomi, Yoshiya Takeda, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Takehide Fujimoto, Yoshihisa Tsuji, Hiromu Kutsumi and Akira Andoh
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:102
  13. Liver metastasis is an important prognostic factor for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs), but the relationship between the clinical features of patients with pNEN and liver metastasis remains undeter...

    Authors: Maoen Pan, Yuanyuan Yang, Tianhong Teng, Fengchun Lu, Yanchan Chen and Heguang Huang
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:101
  14. Several modifications of the Kimura procedure for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) have been reported, however, their effects on the outcomes show conflicting results.

    Authors: Munawir Makkadafi, Aditya Rifqi Fauzi, Setya Wandita, Akhmad Makhmudi and Gunadi
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:100
  15. Coeliac disease (CD) is characterised by diverse clinical symptoms, which may cause diagnostic problems and reduce the patients’ quality of life. A study conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) revealed that the ...

    Authors: Emilia Majsiak, Magdalena Choina, Dominik Golicki, Alastair M. Gray and Bożena Cukrowska
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:99
  16. Health care professionals in endoscopic labs have an elevated risk for COVID-19 infection, therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of current pandemic on the workflow and infection prevention and control s...

    Authors: Renáta Bor, Kata Judit Szántó, Anna Fábián, Klaudia Farkas, Mónika Szűcs, Mariann Rutka, Tibor Tóth, Anita Bálint, Ágnes Milassin, Zsolt Dubravcsik, Zoltán Szepes and Tamás Molnár
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:98
  17. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric carcinoma (GC) is defined by the proliferation of GC cells with EBV infection. The co-existence of EBV-positive and -negative components in a single GC is rare. We rep...

    Authors: Ken Miyabe, Motonobu Saito, Kei Koyama, Michinobu Umakoshi, Yukinobu Ito, Makoto Yoshida, Yukitsugu Kudo-Asabe, Katsuharu Saito, Hiroshi Nanjo, Daichi Maeda, Keisuke Matsusaka, Akiteru Goto and Koji Kono
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:97
  18. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that have been linked to cognitive decline. Whether NAFLD is associated with cognitive performance in midl...

    Authors: Yariv Gerber, Lisa B. VanWagner, Kristine Yaffe, James G. Terry, Jamal S. Rana, Jared P. Reis and Stephen Sidney
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:96
  19. This randomized, open-label trial aimed to compare the efficacy of 10-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) with 7-day proton-pump inhibitor-clarithromycin containing standard triple therapy (STT) as ...

    Authors: Young-Il Kim, Jong Yeul Lee, Chan Gyoo Kim, Boram Park, Jin Young Park and Il Ju Choi
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:95
  20. Both iron overload and iron deficient anemia can associate with cirrhosis. At the same time, inflammation might be continuously present in cirrhotic patients due to bacterial translocation and patients’ suscep...

    Authors: David Tornai, Peter Antal-Szalmas, Tamas Tornai, Maria Papp, Istvan Tornai, Nora Sipeki, Tamas Janka, Boglarka Balogh and Zsuzsanna Vitalis
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:94
  21. Ectopic expression of CDX2 is associated with the development and progression of gastric cancer. Previous studies showed that CDX2 may be an upstream regulator of Reg IV expression in gastric cancer, and our p...

    Authors: Dandan Chai, Huifen Du, Kesheng Li, Xueliang Zhang, Xiaoqin Li, Xiaoning Zhao, Xiaowen Lian and Yang Xu
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:92
  22. Studies have indicated that underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay are common in celiac disease. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge of what symptoms and biomarkers could identify undiagnosed cas...

    Authors: Line Lund Kårhus, Janne Petersen, Katja Biering Leth-Møller, Line Tang Møllehave, Anja Lykke Madsen, Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen, Peter Schwarz, Jüri J. Rumessen and Allan Linneberg
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:90
  23. Inpatient colonoscopy bowel preparation (ICBP) is frequently inadequate and can lead to adverse events, delayed or repeated procedures, and negative patient outcomes. Guidelines to overcome the complex factors...

    Authors: Alexandra T. Strauss, Jennifer Yeh, Diego A. Martinez, Gayane Yenokyan, Janet Yoder, Ravi Nehra, Tara Feller, Kathy Bull-Henry, Ellen Stein, Lawrence C. H. Hsu, Haitham Al-Grain, Candice Zabko and Christopher Fain
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:89
  24. Several molecular prediction models based on the clinical parameters had been constructed to predict and diagnosis the risk of NAFLD, but the accuracy of these molecular prediction models remains need to be ve...

    Authors: Qing Zhang, Yueli Zhu, Wanjiang Yu, Zhipeng Xu, Zhenzhen Zhao, Shousheng Liu, Yongning Xin and Kuirong Lv
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:88
  25. Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is a complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the neck and body of the pancreas often manifesting as persistent pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) or extern...

    Authors: Eric Chong, Chathura Bathiya Ratnayake, Samantha Saikia, Manu Nayar, Kofi Oppong, Jeremy J. French, John A. Windsor and Sanjay Pandanaboyana
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:87
  26. Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, and is associated with multiple genetic mutations. At present, the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene mutation has been obs...

    Authors: Aihemaijiang Kuerbanjiang, Maimaitiyiming Maimaituerxun, Yanjun Zhang, Yiliang Li, Gang Cui, Aibaidula Abuduhabaier, Abuduwaili Aierken, Buya Miranbieke, Meilikezati Anzaer and Yusufu Maimaiti
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:86
  27. Transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) is considered the most preferable treatment method for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) since it is less invasive and has fewer morbidities than transabdominal pull-through....

    Authors: Gunadi, Gabriele Ivana, Desyifa Annisa Mursalin, Ririd Tri Pitaka, Muhammad Wildan Zain, Dyah Ayu Puspitarani, Dwiki Afandy, Susan Simanjaya, Andi Dwihantoro and Akhmad Makhmudi
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:85
  28. Hepatic cavernous hemangioma is the most common type of benign liver tumor. Although ruptures and hemorrhages of hepatic hemangioma are rare complications, they are associated with high mortality. Most practit...

    Authors: Yong-Guang Yang, Wei-Feng Chen, Wei-Heng Mai, Xiao-Fang Li, Hong-Lian Zhou, Li-Juan Liu and Ming-Yi Li
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:84
  29. The application of measurement instruments is a strategy to evaluate the patient's knowledge about the disease. This study aims to build an instrument that evaluates the patient's knowledge about liver cirrhosis.

    Authors: Mariana Stelmach, Kayo Augusto de Almeida Medeiros, Bárbara Justo Carvalho, Leonardo Zumerkorn Pipek, Gustavo Heluani Antunes de Mesquita, Fernanda Nii, Diego Ramos Martines, Leandro Ryuchi Iuamoto, Luiz Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque, Alberto Meyer and Wellington Andraus
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:83
  30. Despite the growing body of knowledge about TM6SF2 and PNPLA3 polymorphisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, their influence in the spectrum of HCV liver disease is not yet fully defined. Besides that, ad...

    Authors: Arthur Ivan N. Oliveira, Fernanda M. Malta, Patricia Momoyo Y. Zitelli, Ana Paula M. Salles, Michele S. Gomes-Gouvea, Ana Catharina S. Nastri, Joao Renato R. Pinho, Flair J. Carrilho, Claudia P. Oliveira, Maria Cássia Mendes-Corrêa, Mario G. Pessoa and Daniel F. Mazo
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:81
  31. Risk indices such as the pancreas donor risk index (PDRI) and pre-procurement pancreas allocation suitability score (P-PASS) are utilised in solid pancreas transplantation however no review has compared all de...

    Authors: Jonathan E. H. Ling, Timothy Coughlan, Kevan R. Polkinghorne and John Kanellis
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:80
  32. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is often comorbid with sleep disturbance. However, it is not fully understood how sleep disturbance affects the pathophysiology of FD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between...

    Authors: Fumihiko Nakamura, Shiko Kuribayashi, Fumio Tanaka, Noriyuki Kawami, Yasuhiro Fujiwara, Katsuhiko Iwakiri, Motoyasu Kusano and Toshio Uraoka
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:78
  33. The threshold concentration of infliximab during maintenance therapy has not been well-defined in relation to histologic remission. The aim of the study is to dentify the maintenance-phase infliximab concentra...

    Authors: Aze Wilson, Bethany Choi, Michael Sey, Terry Ponich, Melanie Beaton and Richard B. Kim
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:77
  34. Erosive reflux esophagitis caused a large clinical spectrum of symptoms. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of extra-esophageal symptoms in individuals with and those without erosive esophagitis in Albania.

    Authors: Edite Sadiku, Eqerem Hasani, Indrit Këlliçi, Iris Mone, Fatjona Kraja, Bledar Kraja and Genc Burazeri
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:76
  35. Crohn’s disease (CD) can involve the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract as well as the small and large bowel. PillCam colon capsule endoscopy (PCCE-2) enables observation of the whole GI tract, but its diagnost...

    Authors: Keisaku Yamada, Masanao Nakamura, Takeshi Yamamura, Keiko Maeda, Tsunaki Sawada, Yasuyuki Mizutani, Eri Ishikawa, Takuya Ishikawa, Naomi Kakushima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Eizaburo Ohno, Hiroki Kawashima, Takashi Honda, Masatoshi Ishigami and Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:75
  36. When performing colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in obese patients, technically difficult cases are sometimes experienced because of difficulty with the insertion of the colonoscope, poor scop...

    Authors: Jun Tachikawa, Hideyuki Chiba, Naoya Okada, Jun Arimoto, Keiichi Ashikari, Hiroki Kuwabara, Michiko Nakaoka, Takuma Higurashi, Toru Goto and Atsushi Nakajima
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:74
  37. The pathological conditions of UC and CD involved in inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified (IBD-U), UC with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-UC), and UC with autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 (AIP-UC) remain...

    Authors: Hiroaki Okuno, Haruei Ogino, Eikichi Ihara, Kei Nishioka, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Takatoshi Chinen, Motoyuki Kohjima, Takamasa Oono, Masatake Tanaka, Takeshi Goya, Nao Fujimori, Yoichiro Iboshi, Takuji Gotoda and Yoshihiro Ogawa
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:73
  38. Anastomotic leakage (AL) in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Especially intrathoracic anastomotic leakage leads to life-threatening complications. En...

    Authors: Chengcheng Christine Zhang, Lukas Liesenfeld, Rosa Klotz, Ronald Koschny, Christian Rupp, Thomas Schmidt, Markus K. Diener, Beat P. Müller-Stich, Thilo Hackert, Peter Sauer, Markus W. Büchler and Anja Schaible
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:72
  39. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in the Asia-Pacific region, with changes in disease phenotype and course. We aimed to assess the changing phenotypes of IBD over ten years, describe the early cli...

    Authors: M. A. Niriella, I. K. Liyanage, S. K. Kodisinghe, A. P. De Silva, A. V. G. A. M. Jayatissa, N. M. M. Navarathne, R. K. Peiris, U. P. Kalubovila, S. R. Kumarasena, R. W. Jayasekara and H. J. de Silva
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:71
  40. NER1006 (Plenvu®, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ) is a 1 L polyethylene glycol bowel preparation indicated for colonoscopy in adults. A US online survey assessed real-world ease of use and treatment satis...

    Authors: Brooks D. Cash, Mary Beth C. Moncrief, Michael S. Epstein and David M. Poppers
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:70
  41. Positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential for visualization and quantification of gastric emptying (GE). The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been recognized promising for constipation. This s...

    Authors: Xueyan Chen, Yu Liu, Donghui Pan, Maoyu Cao, Xinyu Wang, Lizhen Wang, Yuping Xu, Yan Wang, Junjie Yan, Juan Liu and Min Yang
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:69
  42. Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is the predominant pathological type of liver cancer, accounting for approximately 75–85 % of all liver cancers. Li...

    Authors: Wenjie Wang, Chen Zhang, Qihong Yu, Xichuan Zheng, Chuanzheng Yin, Xueke Yan, Gang Liu and Zifang Song
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:68
  43. Testicular cancer (TC) survivors have an increased risk of various second primary malignancies. A recent cohort study detected an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in TC survivors treated with platinum...

    Authors: Berbel L. M. Ykema, Tanya M. Bisseling, Manon C. W. Spaander, Leon M. G. Moons, Dorien van der Biessen-van Beek, Lisette Saveur, Martijn Kerst, Sasja F. Mulder, Ronald de Wit, Danielle Zweers, Gerrit A. Meijer, Jos H. Beijnen, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Petur Snaebjornsson and Monique E. van Leerdam
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:67
  44. Amyloid deposition in pancreas is rare. Lactoferrin amyloid deposition has not been reported in pancreas, till date. Presence of enhancing mural nodule in a cyst on imaging is a worrisome feature for malignanc...

    Authors: Katherine A. Baugh, Svetang Desai, George Van Buren 2nd, William E. Fisher, Carlos A. Farinas and Sadhna Dhingra
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:66
  45. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based polygenic risk scoring is predictive of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, few studies have investigated the association of genetic risk score (GRS) with detectio...

    Authors: Michael J. Northcutt, Zhuqing Shi, Michael Zijlstra, Ayush Shah, Siqun Zheng, Eugene F. Yen, Omar Khan, Mohammad Imran Beig, Polina Imas, Adam Vanderloo, Obaid Ansari, Jianfeng Xu and Jay L. Goldstein
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:65
  46. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) have been widely used and have gradually become the main endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal mucosal and submucosal lesio...

    Authors: Yongkang Lai, Qian Zhang, Xiaolin Pan, Zhenhua Zhu, Shunhua Long, Xiaojiang Zhou, Guohua Li, Yin Zhu, Youxiang Chen and Xu Shu
    Citation: BMC Gastroenterology 2021 21:64

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