Skip to content

Advertisement

  • Research article
  • Open Access
  • Open Peer Review

p53 expression in patients with ulcerative colitis - associated with dysplasia and carcinoma: a systematic meta-analysis

BMC GastroenterologyBMC series – open, inclusive and trusted201717:111

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-017-0665-y

©  The Author(s). 2017

  • Received: 11 April 2017
  • Accepted: 3 October 2017
  • Published:
Open Peer Review reports

Abstract

Background

Tumor suppressor gene p53 expression has been reported in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the correlation between p53 expression and UC remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between p53 expression and different pathological types of UC.

Methods

Publications were searched in the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Wangfang, and CNKI databases. The overall odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were summarized in this study.

Results

Final 19 papers were identified in this meta-analysis, including 1068 patients with UC and 130 normal tissue samples. Immunohistochemical p53 expression was significantly higher in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma (UC group) compared to normal tissue samples (OR = 3.14, P = 0.001), higher in UC with dysplasia than in UC group (OR = 10.76, P < 0.001), and higher in UC with colorectal cancer (CRC) than in UC with dysplasia (OR = 1.69, P = 0.035). Subgroup analysis of ethnicity (UC group vs. normal tissues) showed that p53 expression was correlated with UC in Asians, but not in Caucasians. When UC with dysplasia was compared to UC group, p53 expression was linked to UC with dysplasia among both Asians and Caucasians. When UC-CRC was compared to UC with dysplasia, p53 expression was not associated with UC-CRC in both Caucasians and Asians.

Conclusions

p53 expression was closely associated with UC-CRC development. p53 expression showed different ethnic characteristics among different pathological types of UC.

Keywords

  • p53
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Dysplasia
  • Carcinoma

Background

As one common pathological type of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a relapsing, idiopathic, and chronic inflammatory disease which usually affects the entire colon and rectum [1, 2]. The prevalence of this disease has been rising in the world, patients with UC are correlated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) [3, 4].

Although the exact mechanism of UC is not fully understood, increasing evidence reports that genetic and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of UC [5–7]. Given the increased risk of CRC in UC, dysplasia is precancerous lesions, it is essential to clinical screening of UC patients with dysplasia [8]. The p53, a key tumor-suppressor gene (TSG), is mapped to the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13) [9]. p53 gene encodes the p53 protein and is responsible for the regulation of cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis [10, 11]. The p53 mutation is the most common event in human carcinomas, due to the accumulation of mutant p53, p53 protein often shows nuclear staining, which makes it easily detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method [12, 13]. The expression of p53 protein can be measured by IHC in different histological types of UC [14, 15].

Although Du et al. reported the association between KRAS and TP53 mutations with IBD-associated colorectal cancer [16], the correlation between p53 expression and the risk of dysplasia and cancer in patients with UC remained to be elucidated. Because the sample size of an individual study was small in UC, moreover, there were some inconsistent results with respect to p53 expression in UC. For example, Li 2004 et al. reported that no immunoreactivity for p53 expression was found in UC and normal tissue samples [17]. Klump 1997 et al. reported that p53 expression was noted in UC without dysplasia/carcinoma and UC with dysplasia [15]. Thus, we first conducted this meta-analysis involving more eligible articles to determine the correlation between p53 expression and different histological types of UC, including normal tissue samples, UC without dysplasia/carcinoma, UC with dysplasia, and UC with CRC.

Methods

Search strategy

A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Wangfang, and CNKI databases prior to February 13th, 2017. We used the relevant key words and search terms to identify eligible papers: (inflammatory bowel disease OR ulcerative colitis) AND expression AND (TP53 OR p53 OR p53 protein). The references of the included papers were also carefully checked to get other potential studies.

Study selection

The eligible publications should meet the following inclusion criteria: 1) patients were diagnosed with UC by pathological examination; 2) normal tissue samples belonged to normal control group, UC groups included UC without dysplasia/carcinoma, UC with dysplasia, and UC with colorectal cancer; 3) studies on the immunohistochemical determination of p53 protein expression provided sufficient information to determine the relationship between p53 expression and UC. Only the most complete article with more information was selected in this meta-analysis when authors published multiple articles using the same study population.

Data extraction and quality assessment

According to the above inclusion criteria, two independent authors reviewed and extracted information from the eligible articles: first author’s surname, year of publication, country, number of patients, cut-off values, rate of p53 expression, staining location, and the total number of patients in UC and normal control groups. Any controversial issue was discussed by all authors. The quality of the eligible publications was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), ranging from 0 to 9. Studies with 6 or more scores were considered to be of high quality [18].

Statistical analysis

Stata software, version 12.0 (STATA Corp., College Station, TX, USA) was used in this meta-analysis. The overall odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the relationship between p53 expression and UC risk. Possible heterogeneity among reported studies was measured using the Cochran’s Q statistic [19]. The random-effects model was chosen in the present study. A P value of <0.1 for the Q-test showed a substantial heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of one study on the pooled results by omitting a single study [20]. For the pooled data with more than eight studies, Egger’s test was performed to determine possible publication bias [21].

Results

Characteristics of the eligible studies

As indicated in Fig. 1, 555 potential papers were initially searched from a range of online electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Wangfang, and CNKI). According to the above study selection, final 19 articles published from 1993 to 2013 [14, 15, 17, 22–37] were identified in the current meta-analysis, including 1068 patients with UC and 130 normal tissue samples. Nine studies evaluated the correlation of p53 expression in UC versus normal tissue samples. 11 studies evaluated the correlation of p53 expression in UC with dysplasia versus UC without dysplasia and carcinoma. 16 studies evaluated the relationship of p53 expression in UC with carcinoma versus UC with dysplasia. All studies met a score of equal to or greater than 6 in this meta-analysis (Additional file 1: Table S1). Table 1 lists the baseline characteristics of the included studies.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Flowchart summarizing literature search strategy and selection of studies

Table 1

General characteristics of the eligible publications in this study

First author

Country

Ethnicity

Age

Cut-off (IHC)

Location

Normal

UC

UC with dysplasia

UC with cancer

NOS

N (E%)

N (E%)

N (E%)

N (E%)

Taylor 1993 [29]

UK

Caucasians

NA

NA

Nucleus

 

20 (0)

20 (30)

21 (52.4)

9

Harpaz 1994 [28]

USA

Caucasians

NA

10%

Nucleus

  

40 (62.5)

56 (60.7)

7

Klump 1997 [15]

Germany

Caucasians

NA

0%

Nucleus

 

68 (2.9)

27 (63)

5 (100)

8

Fogt 1998 [27]

USA

Caucasians

NA

0%

Nucleus

  

10 (90)

8 (87.5)

7

Sato 1999 [26]

Japan

Asians

NA

NA

Nucleus

35 (14.3)

105 (41)

55 (67.3)

11 (90.9)

6

Hirota 2000 [25]

Japan

Asians

NA

Focal or diffuse

Nucleus

  

40 (60)

13 (92.3)

6

Ishitsuka 2001 [24]

Japan

Asians

NA

Local or diffuse

Nucleus

 

23 (0)

13 (61.5)

4 (75)

6

Brüwer 2002 [23]

Germany

Caucasians

NA

0%

Nucleus

10 (0)

15 (6.7)

16 (37.5)

14 (57.1)

9

Li 2004 [17]

China

Asians

44

10%

Nucleus

25 (0)

5 (0)

14 (21.4)

2 (50)

7

Yoshida 2004 [22]

Japan

Asians

NA

Scattered

Nucleus

7 (28.6)

19 (26.3)

46 (63)

7 (57.1)

7

Wang 2005 [30]

China

Asians

44

1%

Nucleus

 

25 (4)

7 (42.9)

8 (50)

8

Wang 2008 [31]

China

Asians

32

5%

Nucleus

10 (10)

20 (15)

  

6

Alkim 2009 [37]

Turkey

Caucasians

46

0%

Nucleus

10 (40)

26 (88.5)

  

7

Kawamata 2011 [14]

Japan

Asians

28–60

NA

Nucleus

12 (0)

8 (12.5)

8 (62.5)

8 (75)

8

Tanaka 2011 [36]

Japan

Asians

49.5

Focal

Nucleus

 

28 (0)

81 (59.3)

10 (90)

6

Gushima 2011 [35]

Japan

Asians

49

10%

Nucleus

  

11 (72.7)

14 (21.4)

8

Scarpa 2013 [34]

Italy

Caucasians

51

NA

Nucleus

11 (9.1)

19 (5.3)

10 (20)

7 (57.1)

8

Shigaki 2013 [32]

Japan

Asians

26–80

5%

Nucleus

  

58 (46.6)

27 (59.3)

7

Wohl 2013 [33]

Czech Republic

Caucasians

NA

33%

Nucleus

10 (0)

16 (6.3)

  

7

NA not applicable, UC ulcerative colitis, IHC immunohistochemistry, N study population, NOS Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, E expression

Association of p53 expression in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma versus normal tissue samples

The result of 233 patients with UC vs 130 normal tissue samples demonstrated that the level of p53 expression was notably increased in UC compared with normal tissue samples (OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.58–6.24, P = 0.001) (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Forest plot of the pooled OR of p53 expression in UC without dysplasia or carcinoma versus normal tissue samples

Subgroup analysis by ethnicity (Asians and Caucasians) showed that p53 expression was linked to Asians with UC (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.25–6.47, P = 0.012), but was not correlated with Caucasians with UC (OR = 3.49, 95% CI = 0.85–14.34, P = 0.083) (Table 2).
Table 2

Subgroup analysis of ethnicity regarding p53 expression

Subgroup (ethnicity)

OR (95% CI)

Heterogeneity: P

P value

UC with cancer vs. UC with dysplasia

 Caucasian

1.60 (0.89–2.86)

0.459

0.116

 Asians

1.65 (0.77–3.56)

0.104

0.198

UC with dysplasia vs. UC

 Caucasian

18.47 (5.62–60.71)

0.325

<0.001

 Asians

8.28 (3.08–22.25)

0.071

<0.001

UC vs. normal tissues

 Caucasian

3.49 (0.85–14.34)

0.317

0.083

 Asians

2.85 (1.25–6.47)

0.521

0.012

UC ulcerative colitis, OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval

Association of p53 expression in UC with dysplasia versus UC without dysplasia/carcinoma

The result showed that the frequency of p53 expression was notably higher in UC with dysplasia than in UC without dysplasia/carcinoma (OR = 10.76, 95% CI = 4.63–25.03, P < 0.001), including 297 UC patients with dysplasia and 335 UC patients without dysplasia and carcinoma (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Forest plot of the pooled OR of p53 expression in UC with dysplasia versus without dysplasia or carcinoma

According to ethnic population (Asians and Caucasians) (Table 2), subgroup analysis showed that p53 expression was correlated with UC with dysplasia in the Asian and Caucasian populations (OR = 8.28, 95% CI = 3.08–22.25, P < 0.001; OR = 18.47, 95% CI = 5.62–60.71, P < 0.001).

Association of p53 expression in UC with carcinoma versus UC with dysplasia

The result from the comparison of 215 UC with carcinoma and 456 UC with dysplasia indicated that the frequency of p53 expression in UC with carcinoma was significantly higher than in UC with dysplasia (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.04–2.76, P = 0.035) (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Forest plot of the pooled OR of p53 expression in UC with carcinoma versus with dysplasia

Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity (Asians and Caucasians) showed that p53 expression was not associated with UC-CRC in both Caucasians and Asians (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.89–2.86, P = 0.116; OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.77–3.56, P = 0.198; respectively) (Table 2).

Sensitivity analysis in UC with dysplasia versus UC without dysplasia/carcinoma

A slight heterogeneity was found in UC with dysplasia versus UC without dysplasia/carcinoma (P = 0.027). When one study (Klump 1997 et al. [15]) was removed, and the overall OR value was re-calculated (OR = 7.28, 95% CI = 3.48–15.21), P < 0.001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0.181).

Publication bias

Egger’s test showed that no publication bias was observed in the comparison of UC without dysplasia/carcinoma and normal tissue samples and the comparison of UC with carcinoma and UC with dysplasia (P > 0.1) (Fig. 5). A slight publication bias was found in UC with dysplasia versus UC without dysplasia and carcinoma (P = 0.023 < 0.05) (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5

Forest plot of publication bias using Egger’s test

Discussion

TSG p53 expression has been frequently reported in human malignancies [38, 39]. Some studies suggest that positive expression of the p53 gene is linked to the development and progression of tumors [40–42]. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein expression is also found in patients with UC [32, 34]. However, the results regarding p53 expression in different pathological types of UC are still inconsistent and conflicting. The present study was carried out to analyze whether p53 expression was associated with the increased risk of UC with dysplasia and carcinoma.

p53 gene showed different expression levels in UC-associated different pathological types, ranging from 0% [14, 17, 23, 33] to 40% [37] in normal tissue samples, and ranging from 0% [17, 24, 29, 36] to 88.5% [37] in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma. The expression of the p53 gene had different frequencies in UC with dysplasia or carcinoma, with a range from 20% [34] to 90% [27] in UC with dysplasia, and with a range from 21.4% [35] to 100% [15] in UC with CRC. This study integrated all available studies involving a large population showed that immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein expression was significantly higher in UC with CRC than in UC with dysplasia, higher in UC with dysplasia than in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma, and higher in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma than in normal tissue samples, which suggested that p53 expression was closely linked to UC-CRC carcinogenesis and the progression of UC with dysplasia. In addition, a slight heterogeneity was detected in UC with dysplasia versus UC without dysplasia and carcinoma (P = 0.027 < 0.1). Thus, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to assess the change of the pooled OR and heterogeneity based on the omission of one study. We removed one study [15], and a re-calculated OR was not significantly changed, with no evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0.181), suggesting the stability of the current result. The reasons of heterogeneity from this study and other studies were not clear, perhaps due to the use of inappropriate or different conditions in IHC method, which may cause an observed bias.

Subgroup analysis of ethnicity (the Asian and Caucasian populations) was performed to find different correlation among different subgroups. When UC without dysplasia and carcinoma was compared to normal tissue samples, the result of subgroup analysis revealed that only Asians were susceptible to p53 expression. When UC with dysplasia was compared to UC without dysplasia and carcinoma, the result showed that the Asian and Caucasian populations were susceptible to p53 expression. When UC with carcinoma was compared to UC with dysplasia, the result demonstrated that Asians and Caucasians were not susceptible to p53 expression.

Some limitations should be noted in the present meta-analysis. First, although a range of online electronic databases was systematically searched to identify available publications. Egger’s test demonstrated a slight publication bias in UC with dysplasia vs. UC without dysplasia and carcinoma. Only papers published in English or Chinese were included in this meta-analysis. The unpublished articles or conference abstracts were excluded because of insufficient information. Articles with positive conclusions were usually published than these articles with negative conclusions. Second, the main ethnic groups consisted of Asians and Caucasians in this study, but other study populations, such as African population, were lacking. Finally, three eligible studies reported the data between p53 expression and dysplasia and cancer in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) [37, 43, 44], more studies with large sample sizes are essential to further perform a meta-analysis to assess the correlation of p53 expression in CD in the future.

Conclusions

This study suggests that p53 gene has a notably higher expression frequency in UC-CRC than in UC with dysplasia, higher expression level in UC with dysplasia than in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma, and higher expression rate in UC without dysplasia and carcinoma than in normal tissue samples. Further large-scale clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to validate our conclusions in the future.

Abbreviations

Cis: 

Confidence intervals

CRC: 

Colorectal cancer

IBD: 

Inflammatory bowel diseases

IHC: 

Immunohistochemistry

NOS: 

Newcastle-Ottawa Scale

ORs: 

Odds ratios

TSG: 

Tumor-suppressor gene

UC: 

Ulcerative colitis

Declarations

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

None.

Availability of data and materials

All data and materials were presented within the manuscript and additional supporting files.

Authors’ contributions

LXH contributed to the conception and design of the current study, wrote the article and revised it for important intellectual content. YYJ and TSY contributed to the retrieval of articles, the extraction of data, the calculation of data and the design of the figures and tables. All the authors approved the final paper.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Authors’ Affiliations

(1)
Departmemt of gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China

References

  1. Feuerstein JD, Cheifetz AS. Ulcerative colitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(11):1553–63.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Marchioni Beery R, Kane S. Current approaches to the management of new-onset ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2014;7:111–32.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  3. Choi JK, Kim DW, Shin SY, Park EC, Kang JG. Effect of ulcerative colitis on incidence of colorectal cancer: results from the Nationwide population-based cohort study (2003–2013). J Cancer. 2016;7(6):681–6.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  4. Burisch J, Munkholm P. The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(8):942–51.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Ventham NT, Kennedy NA, Adams AT, Kalla R, Heath S, O'Leary KR, Drummond H, Consortium IB, Consortium IC, Wilson DC, Gut IG, Nimmo ER, Satsangi J. Integrative epigenome-wide analysis demonstrates that DNA methylation may mediate genetic risk in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun. 2016;7:13507.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  6. Sun M, Zhang L, Shi S. Associations between NRAMP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis/Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Immunol Investig. 2016;45(3):255–70.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
  7. Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagace C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, et al. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet. 2011;43(3):246–52.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  8. Van Assche G, Dignass A, Bokemeyer B, Danese S, Gionchetti P, Moser G, Beaugerie L, Gomollon F, Hauser W, Herrlinger K, Oldenburg B, Panes J, Portela F, Rogler G, Stein J, Tilg H, et al. Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 3: special situations. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(1):1–33.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. McBride OW, Merry D, Givol D. The gene for human p53 cellular tumor antigen is located on chromosome 17 short arm (17p13). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83(1):130–4.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  10. Soussi T. The p53 pathway and human cancer. Br J Surg. 2005;92(11):1331–2.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Steele RJ, Thompson AM, Hall PA, Lane DP. The p53 tumour suppressor gene. Br J Surg. 1998;85(11):1460–7.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Davelaar AL, Calpe S, Lau L, Timmer MR, Visser M, Ten Kate FJ, Parikh KB, Meijer SL, Bergman JJ, Fockens P and Krishnadath KK. Aberrant TP53 detected by combining immunohistochemistry and DNA-FISH improves Barrett's esophagus progression prediction: a prospective follow-up study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54(2):82–90.Google Scholar
  13. Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC. p53 mutations in human cancers. Science. 1991;253(5015):49–53.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Kawamata S, Matsuzaki K, Murata M, Seki T, Matsuoka K, Iwao Y, Hibi T, Okazaki K. Oncogenic Smad3 signaling induced by chronic inflammation is an early event in ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(3):683–95.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Klump B, Holzmann K, Kuhn A, Borchard F, Sarbia M, Gregor M, Porschen R. Distribution of cell populations with DNA aneuploidy and p53 protein expression in ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997;9(8):789–94.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Du L, Kim JJ, Shen J, Chen B, Dai NKRAS. TP53 mutations in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(13):22175–86.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  17. Li J, Lai MD, Huang Q. Alterations of p53 gene and microsatellite instability in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2004;33(2):108–14.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Ding Y, Yang Q, Wang B, Ye G, Tong X. The correlation of MGMT promoter methylation and Clinicopathological features in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165509.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  19. Zintzaras E, Ioannidis JPHEGESMA. Genome search meta-analysis and heterogeneity testing. Bioinformatics. 2005;21(18):3672–3.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Lau J, Ioannidis JP, Schmid CH. Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(9):820–6.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629–34.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  22. Yoshida T, Matsumoto N, Mikami T, Okayasu I. Upregulation of p16(INK4A) and Bax in p53 wild/p53-overexpressing crypts in ulcerative colitis-associated tumours. Br J Cancer. 2004;91(6):1081–8.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  23. Bruwer M, Schmid KW, Senninger N, Schurmann G. Immunohistochemical expression of P53 and oncogenes in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma. World J Surg. 2002;26(3):390–6.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Ishitsuka T, Kashiwagi H, Konishi F. Microsatellite instability in inflamed and neoplastic epithelium in ulcerative colitis. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54(7):526–32.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  25. Hirota Y, Tanaka S, Haruma K, Yoshihara M, Sumii K, Kajiyama G, Shimamoto F, Kohno N. pS2 expression as a possible diagnostic marker of colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. Oncol Rep. 2000;7(2):233–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Sato A and MacHinami R. p53 immunohistochemistry of ulcerative colitis-associated with dysplasia and carcinoma. Pathol Int 1999; 49(10):858–868.Google Scholar
  27. Fogt F, Zhuang Z, Poremba C, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Vortmeyer A. Comparison of p53 immunoexpression with allelic loss of p53 in ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia and carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 1998;5(2):477–80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Harpaz N, Peck AL, Yin J, Fiel I, Hontanosas M, Tong TR, Laurin JN, Abraham JM, Greenwald BD, Meltzer SJ. p53 protein expression in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal dysplasia and carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 1994;25(10):1069–74.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Taylor HW, Boyle M, Smith SC, Bustin S, Williams NS. Expression of p53 in colorectal cancer and dysplasia complicating ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg. 1993;80(4):442–4.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Wang H, Yan LI, Zhang WW. The expression of P53,K-ras and hMSH2 in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Chinese Journal of Digestion. 2005;Google Scholar
  31. Wang YY, QiU B, Yu J, Li XR, Tian YL, Zhang PY, Shi CL, Chen XY. The expression of CD15, myeloperoxidase, P53 and Rb in ulcerative colitis, adenoma, and colorectal cancer. Chin J. Dig. 2008;28(3):194–6.Google Scholar
  32. Shigaki K, Mitomi H, Fujimori T, Ichikawa K, Tomita S, Imura J, Fujii S, Itabashi M, Kameoka S, Sahara R, Takenoshita S. Immunohistochemical analysis of chromogranin a and p53 expressions in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia: neuroendocrine differentiation as an early event in the colitis-neoplasia sequence. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(11):2393–9.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Wohl P, Hucl T, Drastich P, Kamenar D, Spicak J, Honsova E, Sticova E, Lodererova A, Matous J, Hill M, Wohl P, Kucera M. Epithelial markers of colorectal carcinogenesis in ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(14):2234–41.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
  34. Scarpa M, Cardin R, Bortolami M, Kotsafti A, Scarpa MC, Pozza A, Maran G, Picciocchi M, Ruffolo C, D'Inca R, Sturniolo GC, Castagliuolo I, Castoro C, Angriman I. Mucosal immune environment in colonic carcinogenesis: CD80 expression is associated to oxidative DNA damage and TLR4-NFkappaB signalling. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(1):254–63.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Gushima M, Hirahashi M, Matsumoto T, Fujita K, Ohuchida K, Oda Y, Yao T, Iida M, Tsuneyoshi M. Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Histopathology. 2011;59(3):460–9.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Tanaka H, Fukui H, Fujii S, Sekikawa A, Yamagishi H, Ichikawa K, Tomita S, Imura J, Yasuda Y, Chiba T, Fujimori T. Immunohistochemical analysis of REG Ialpha expression in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplastic lesions. Digestion. 2011;83(3):204–9.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Alkim C, Savas B, Ensari A, Alkim H, Dagli U, Parlak E, Ulker A, Sahin B. Expression of p53, VEGF, microvessel density, and cyclin-D1 in noncancerous tissue of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(9):1979–84.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Inoue K, Kurabayashi A, Shuin T, Ohtsuki Y, Furihata M. Overexpression of p53 protein in human tumors. Med Mol Morphol. 2012;45(3):115–23.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Baas IO, Mulder JW, Offerhaus GJ, Vogelstein B, Hamilton SR. An evaluation of six antibodies for immunohistochemistry of mutant p53 gene product in archival colorectal neoplasms. J Pathol. 1994;172(1):5–12.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Alaizari NA, Tarakji B, Al-Maweri SA, Al-Shamiri HM, Darwish S, Baba F. p53 expression in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(9):1437–41.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Mitchell S, Mayer E, Patel A. Expression of p53 in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol. 2011;8(9):516–22.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. Junior AT, de Abreu Alves F, Pinto CA, Carvalho AL, Kowalski LP, Lopes MA. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of twenty-five head and neck osteosarcomas. Oral Oncol. 2003;39(5):521–30.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. Laurent C, Svrcek M, Flejou JF, Chenard MP, Duclos B, Freund JN, Reimund JM. Immunohistochemical expression of CDX2, beta-catenin, and TP53 in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(1):232–40.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. Romero M, Artigiani R, Costa H, Oshima CT, Miszputen S, Franco M. Evaluation of the immunoexpression of COX-1, COX-2 and p53 in Crohn's disease. Arq Gastroenterol. 2008;45(4):295–300.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright

© The Author(s). 2017

Advertisement

BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

Contact us