Figure 1From: Expression of cytokine and chemokine mRNA and secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α by gallbladder epithelial cells: Response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides RT-PCR for cytokine mRNAs Treated MGBE were exposed to 100 μg/mL E. coli LPS on the apical surface for two hours. GAPDH was used as an internal control to standardize starting mRNA quantity. This experiment was repeated twice with equivalent results.Back to article page