Figure 1

Berberine inhibits intestinal tumor development in Apc ^min/+ mice. (A) Apc ^min/+ mice (age, 4 weeks) were treated with berberine, and sacrificed after 12 weeks. The representative gross appearance of the intestinal tumors from untreated and 0.1% berberine-treated Apc ^min/+ mice was shown under an Olympus SZX7 stereo dissecting microscope. (B) The number of tumors/mouse in the small intestine and colon in 0.05% and 0.1% berberine-treated groups were compared with the untreated Apc ^min/+ mice. (C-D) Tumor numbers in each section of the small intestine, and size distribution in each group were also listed. Columns, mean from the ten mice in each group; bars, standard deviation. *, P < 0.01 and ^#, P < 0.05, 0.05% berberine-treated vs untreated Apc ^min/+ mice; ^$, P < 0.01 and ^※, P < 0.05, 0.1% berberine-treated vs untreated Apc ^min/+ mice; &, P < 0.01 and ^§, P < 0.05, 0.1% berberine vs 0.05% berberine-treated Apc ^min/+ mice.