Table 3 The Clavien-Dindo classification
Classification | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
Grade I | - Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions - Allowed therapeutic regimens are: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics and electrolytes and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside. | Post operative ileus Hypokalemia Hypovolemia Vomiting Gastroparesis Diarrhea Parietal collection (seroma, hematoma, lipolysis) |
Grade II | - Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications - Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included. | Surgical wound infection Pneumonia Urinary tract infections Deep vein thrombosis Severe anemia requiring transfusion Constipation Occlusion on flanges |
Grade IIIa | Complication requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological treatment without general anesthesia | Evisceration parietal suppuration Deep collection |
Grade IIIb | Complication requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological treatment under general anesthesia | Postoperative peritonitis Bowel obstruction Deep collection Fistula |
Grade IV IVa IVb | Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications)* requiring IC/ICU-management | Visceral failure Pulmonary embolism Septic shock Postoperative peritonitis |
single organ dysfunction (including dialysis) | ||
Multiorgan dysfunction | ||
Grade V | Death of a patient |