Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) in Gastric cancer (GC) patients underwent ESD/ gastrectomy in training cohort

Gender

male/female

0.219

0.847

0.648–1.107

Age

> 60 y/≤60 y

0.091

1.027

0.996–1.059

ASA

II/I

0.316

1.172

0.861–1.593

ECOG PS

1/0

0.123

1.234

0.945–1.614

Family history of gastric cancer

Yes/No

0.066

1.386

0.979–1.963

Tumor size

> 2.0 cm/≤2.0 cm

0.024

1.569

1.062–2.318

0.084

1.482

0.977–2.184

Differentiation

Poorly/ high + Moderately

0.037

1.449

1.023–2.054

0.021

1.514

1.142–2.134

Vascular invasion

Yes/No

< 0.001

1.962

1.441–2.728

< 0.001

1.778

1.389–2.633

P53

Yes/No

0.007

1.563

1.131–2.157

0.062

1.801

0.907–2.243

Ki-67

≥ 50%/<50%

0.283

1.186

0.863–1.630

Tumor infiltration

Submucosa/ Mucosa

0.024

1.274

1.033–1.571

0.077

1.189

0.968–1.355

MSI status

MSI-high/ (MSS/MSI-low)

0.353

0.856

0.613–1.195

Treatment method

ESD/ gastrectomy

0.133

1.121

0.981–1.235