Table 6 Comorbidity and symptoms depending on smoking habits
|  | Never smoking N = 41 | Past smoking N = 64 | Present smoking N = 53 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Comorbidity | ||||
 Hypertension Missing value | 11 (26.8) 5 | 26 (40.6) 7 | 17 (32.1) 4 | 0.541 |
 Rheumatoid arthritis Missing value | 9 (22.0) 5 | 13 (20.3) 12 | 11 (20.8) 5 | 0.760 |
 Asthma and/or bronchitis Missing value | 6 (14.6) 6 | 9 (14.1) 13 | 10 (18.9) 4 | 0.492 |
 Diabetes Missing value | 5 (12.2) 5 | 4 (6.3) 14 | 2 (3.8) 5 | 0.299 |
 Celiac disease Missing value | 3 (7.3) 6 | 8 (12.5) 15 | 0 9 | 0.009 |
 Gastric ulcer Missing value | 7 (17.1) 1 | 7 (10.9) 11 | 9 (17.0) 4 | 0.607 |
 Thyroid disease Missing value | 6 (14.6) 5 | 14 (21.9) 11 | 8 (15.1) 9 | 0.529 |
 Cancer Missing value | 2 (4.9) 6 | 4 (6.3) 14 | 7 (13.2) 6 | 0.396 |
Drug treatment | ||||
 Corticosteroids | 11 (26.8) | 19 (29.7) | 18 (34.0) | 0.759 |
 Proton pump inhibitors | 14 (34.1) | 15 (23.4) | 12 (22.6) | 0.392 |
 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 9 (22.0) | 9 (14.1) | 12 (22.6) | 0.410 |
 Statins | 6 (14.6) | 15 (23.4) | 7 (13.2) | 0.349 |
 Thyroid hormones | 6 (14.6) | 13 (20.3) | 7 (13.2) | 0.533 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | ||||
 Abdominal pain 5 (1–15) | 31 (13–50) | 31 (6–54) | 41 (17–59) | 0.154 |
 Diarrhea 3 (0–10) | 46 (16–62) | 40 (14–73) | 54 (28–80) | 0.133 |
 Constipation 9 (1–22) | 8 (2–20) | 8 (2–25) | 8 (3–22) | 0.871 |
 Bloating and flatulence 14 (1–29) | 49 (18–60) | 47 (22–75) | 63 (28–80) | 0.044 |
 Vomiting and nausea 2 (0–3) | 5 (0–19) | 5 (2–23) | 14 (3–47) | 0.065 |
 Intestinal influence on daily life 2 (0–18) | 36 (16–72) | 36 (12–71) | 64 (28–89) | 0.012 |
 Psychological well-being 4 (0–16) | 22 (6–34) | 22 (10–48) | 40 (12–67) | 0.025 |