Table 2 Operative results stratified by resection type and approach

Resection type

DG^a (n = 62)

TG/PG^b (n = 41)

TG/PG + S^c (n = 47)

P-value

Approach, robotic:laparoscopic

26:36

24:17

12:35

0.007

Number of surgeons

18

12

9

0.025

Number of cases operated by each surgeon

2.5 (1–17)*

2 (1–15)*

4 (1–12)*

0.347

Operative time (min)

359 (309–435)

560 (446–669)

541 (501–624)

< 0.001

Blood loss (g)

46 (19–103)

70 (30–170)

138 (66–338)

< 0.001

Number of dissected nodes

37 (29–45)

39 (32–52)

47 (38–60)

< 0.001

In-hospital mortality

0

0

0

-

Morbidity (grade ≥ 3a), n (%)

2 (3.2)

2 (4.9)

14 (29.8)

< 0.001

Systemic complications, n (%)

1(1.6)

2 (4.9)

2 (4.3)

0.612

 Pneumonia

1

1

2

-

 Pulmonary thromboembolism

0

0

1

-

 Sepsis

0

0

1

-

 Renal failure

0

1

0

-

Local complications, n (%)

2 (3.2)

1 (2.4)

13 (27.7)

< 0.001

 Pancreatic fistula

1

0

10

-

 Ileus

1

1

1

-

 Anastomotic leakage

0

0

2

-

 Abdominal abscess

1

0

1

-

 Choledochiarctia

1

0

0

-

 Diaphragmatic hernia

0

0

1

-

Local infectious complications, n (%)

1(1.6)

0

11 (23.4)

< 0.001

Hospital stay following surgery (days)

12 (10–16)

13 (11–18)

19 (15–37)

< 0.001

Nonsplenectomy cases

Total (n = 103)

RG^d (n = 50)

LG^e (n = 53)

P-value

Number of surgeons

18

6

18

< 0.001

Number of cases operated by each surgeon

3 (1–32)*

5 (1–23)*

2 (1–9)*

0.137

Operative time (min)

421 (331–540)

458 (373–599)

361 (309–472)

< 0.001

Blood loss (g)

50 (20–112)

51 (26–113)

49 (19–119)

0.552

Number of dissected nodes

38 (29–46)

39 (29–48)

37 (30–46)

0.707

Morbidity (grade ≥ 3a), n (%)

4 (3.9)

2 (4.0)

2 (3.8)

1.000

Systemic complications, n (%)

3 (2.9)

2 (4.0)

1 (1.9)

0.610

Local complications, n (%)

3 (2.9)

2 (4.0)

1 (1.9)

0.610

 Pancreatic fistula

1

1

0

-

 Ileus

2

1

1

-

 Abdominal abscess

1

1

0

-

 Choledochiarctia

1

1

0

-

Local infectious complications, n (%)

1 (1.0)

1 (2.0)

0

-

Hospital stay following surgery (days)

13 (10–16)

13 (10–16)

13 (10–16)

0.811

Splenectomy cases

All (n = 47)

RG (n = 12)

LG (n = 35)

P-value

Number of operators

9

3

8

< 0.001

Number of cases operated by each surgeon

4 (1–12)*

3 (3–6)*

3 (1–10)*

0.921

Operative time (min)

541 (501–624)

604 (534–678)

523 (486–610)

0.064

Blood loss (g)

138 (66–338)

145 (70–246)

132 (53–413)

0.714

Number of dissected nodes

47 (38–68)

50 (40–72)

47 (36–64)

0.373

Morbidity (grade ≥ 3a), n (%)

14 (29.8)

0

14 (40.0)

0.009

Systemic complications, n (%)

2 (4.3)

0

2 (5.7)

1.000

Local complications, n (%)

13 (27.7)

0

13 (37.1)

0.021

 Pancreatic fistula

10

0

10

-

 Ileus

1

0

1

-

 Anastomotic leakage

2

0

2

-

 Abdominal abscess

1

0

1

-

 Diaphragmatic hernia

1

0

1

-

Local infectious complications, n (%)

11 (23.4)

0

11 (31.4)

-

Hospital stay following surgery (days)

19 (15–37)

15 (11–19)

22 (16–50)

0.006