Table 2 Anthropometric indicators and nutritional intake of the participants (n = 9,631)

Anthropometric indicators

BMI (kg/m²)

27.47 ± 4.64

27.62 ± 4.56

0.292

WHR

0.94 ± 0.06

0.94 ± 0.06

0.138

VFA (cm²)

121.60 ± 51.47

126.01 ± 52.10

0.008

PBF

33.69 ± 9.45

34.60 ± 9.68

0.003

BFM (kg)

24.99 ± 9.56

25.60 ± 9.52

0.052

Nutritional intake

Bread and cereals (gr/d)

550.39 ± 1.73

533.70 ± 4.94

0.065

Legumes (gr/d)

35.71 ± 0.32

35.32 ± 0.92

0.690

Dairy (gr/d)

478.58 ± 3.92

453.64 ± 11.19

0.035

Nuts (gr/d)

9.17 ± 0.11

9.81 ± 0.33

0.066

Sweets and desserts(gr/d)

61.46 ± 0.41

63.52 ± 1.17

0.039

Tea and coffee (gr/d)

752.22 ± 5.42

736.10 ± 15.44

0.324

Salt (gr/d)

4.29 ± 0.03

4.38 ± 0.08

0.364

Red &white meat (gr/d)

139.80 ± 0.74

141.12 ± 2.10

0.045

Egg (gr/d)

21.62 ± 0.21

20.71 ± 0.59

0.148

Vegetables (gr/d)

287.68 ± 1.80

277.63 ± 5.15

0.045

Fruits (gr/d)

290.57 ± 2.19

298.77 ± 6.23

0.214

Hydrogenated fats (gr/d)

20.58 ± 0.21

20.17 ± 0.59

0.514

Fiber (gr/d)

26.75 ± 0.13

25.76 ± 0.33

0.010

Sugar (gr/d)

143.83 ± 68.48

149.91 ± 62.61

0.007

Added sugar (gr/d)

8.89 ± 1.84

8.92 ± 1.74

0.540

Macronutrients and Energy

Carbohydrate (gr/d)

416.21 ± 153.06

401.21 ± 141.98

0.002

Lipid, fat (gr/d)

79.83 ± 34.21

76.77 ± 33.10

0.006

Protein (gr/d)

92.19 ± 37.66

88.27 ± 19.63

0.001

Energy intake (kcal/d)

2716.27 ± 977.43

2613.59 ± 917.88

0.001