Table 1 Basic characteristics and behavioral habits of study participants (n = 9,631)
From: Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study
Characteristics | Non- Gastroesophageal reflux | Gastroesophageal reflux | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | 8573 (89.01) | 1058 (10.99) | Â |
Age (year) | 47.21 ± 8.25 | 48.16 ± 8.19 | 0.004 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
Men | 4147 (89.66) | 478 (10.34) | 0.050 |
Women | 4426 (88.41) | 580 (11.59) | |
Socioeconomic status | |||
Weak | 2851 (89.80) | 324 (10.20) | 0.215 |
Moderate | 2860 (88.76) | 362 (11.24) | |
Good | 2862 (88.50) | 372 (11.50) | |
Physical activity (MET hour per day) | |||
Low | 2549 (29.73) | 361 (34.12) | < 0.001 |
Moderate | 4063 (47.39) | 505 (47.73) | |
High | 1961 (22.87) | 192 (18.15) | |
Smoking status | |||
Current | 993 (11.62) | 127 (12.08) | 0.036 |
Former | 726 (8.50) | 115 (10.94) | |
Passive | 3294 (38.56) | 406 (38.63) | |
Never | 3529 (41.31) | 403 (38.34) | |
Smoking intensity current | |||
Light | 298 (6.59) | 39 (7.36) | 0.409 |
Moderate | 178 (3.94) | 17 (3.21) | |
Heavy | 517 (11.43) | 71 (13.40) | |
Drinking alcohol | 993 (10.84) | 65 (13.83) | 0.043 |
Frequency of regurgitation | |||
No | 7717 (90.01) | 152 (14.36) | < 0.001 |
Almost daily | 47 (0.54) | 81 (7.65) | |
Several times each week | 53 (0.61) | 94 (8.88) | |
Several times each month | 82 (0.95) | 135 (12.75) | |
Every once in a while | 674 (7.86) | 596 (56.33) | Â |
Sleep habit | |||
Sleep duration (h/24 h) | 7.100 ± 1.22 | 6.99 ± 1.26 | 0.005 |
Daytime napping (minute) | 66.31 ± 46.03 | 65.35 ± 45.56 | 0.868 |
Comorbidity | |||
Depression | 1011 (10.84) | 47 (15.51) | 0.010 |
Metabolic syndrome | 668 (10.45) | 390 (12.04) | 0.018 |