Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Reference | Language | Country | Diagnostic criteria | Sample size(T:C) | fMRI Sample size(T:C) | Sex ratio (male: female) | Interventions | Duration and frequency | Clinical outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | C | |||||||||
FD | ||||||||||
SUN R etal,2021 [21] | English | China | Rome III | 64(33:31) | 41(21:20) | 64(8:56) | MA(CV12, ST36, deqi) | SA(CV12, ST36, without deqi) | T&C:once a day, five times per week, for 4 weeks | NDSI, SAS, SDS |
Zhou2020: Chen etal,2021 [23] | Chinese | China | Rome IV | 54(26:28) | 54(26:28) | 54(13:41) | taVNS(In the concha cavity) | sham-taVNS(upper ear navicular) | T&C:15 min, twice per day, for 2 weeks | overall symptoms of FD, NDI, HAMA, HAMD, SAS, SDS |
Li etal,2021 [25] | English | China | Rome IV | 56(29:27) | 56(29:27) | 56(32:24) | MA(ST36) | MOX(ST36) | T&C:once a day, five times per week, for 4 weeks | NR |
Sun etal,2021 [26] | English | China | Rome III | 32(16:16) | 32(16:16) | 32(6:26) | MA(CV12, ST36, deqi) | SA(CV12, ST36, without deqi) | T&C:once a day, five times per week for 4 weeks | NDSI, NDI-QOL, SAS, SDS |
IBS | ||||||||||
Zhao etal, 2018 [27] | English | China | Rome III | 60(30:30) | 60(30:30) | NR | EA(ST25,ST37) | Mox(ST25,ST37) | T&C:30 min each time, 6 times per week,for 4 weeks | VAS, HAMA, HAMD |
Chu etal,2012 [28] | English | China | Rome III | 30(15:15) | 30(15:15) | 30(15:15) | EA(ST36,ST37,SP6) | SA(ST36,ST37,SP6;The needle tips were hidden inside foam cubes) | 30 min | NR |
Zhao etal, 2015 [29] | English | China | Rome III | 60(30:30) | 15(7:8) | NR | EA(ST25,ST37) | Mox(ST25,ST37) | T&C:30 min each time, 6 times per week,for 4 weeks | VAS-IBS, HAMA, HAMD |
FC | ||||||||||
Chen, 2020 [30] | Chinese | China | Rome IV | 34(17:17) | 34(17:17) | 34(1:33) | EA(ST36,ST37,ST25) | PEG | T:once a day, five times per week for 2 weeks; C:once a day, once a packet for 10 g, five times per week for 2 weeks | PAC-SYM, SAS, SDS |
Hou, 2020 [31] | Chinese | China | Rome IV | 34(17:17) | 34(17:17) | 34(3:31) | EA(ST36,ST37,ST25) | WT | T:once a day, five times per week for 2 weeks | PAC-SYM, PAC-QOL, SAS, SDS |
Ma, 2021 [32] | Chinese | China | Rome IV | 50(32:18) | 50(32:18) | 50(45:5) | MA(ST25, ST36, ST37, non-acupoints) | WT | T:once a day, five times per week for 2 weeks | PAC-SYM, PAC-QOL |