Table 1 Distribution of predictors amongst GC versus NUD patients

1

Age

< 0.001

≤ 50

824 (41%)

143 (17%)

681 (60%)

(> 50 – 60)

477 (24%)

214 (25%)

263 (23%)

(> 60 – 70)

431 (22%)

308 (36%)

123 (11%)

(> 70)

258 (13%)

193 (22%)

65 (5.7%)

2

Ethnicity

< 0.001

Fars

642 (32%)

177 (21%)

465 (41%)

Non-Fars

1348 (68%)

681 (79%)

667 (59%)

3

Gender

< 0.001

Female

878 (44%)

223 (26%)

655 (58%)

Male

1112 (56%)

635 (74%)

477 (42%)

4

Canned food

0.201

Never

1317 (66%)

581 (68%)

736 (65%)

Ever

673 (34%)

277 (32%)

396 (35%)

5

Carbonated soft drinks

0.212

Never to low

1576 (79%)

690 (80%)

886 (78%)

Medium to high

414 (21%)

168 (20%)

246 (22%)

6

Cheese

0.008

Never to low

574 (29%)

274 (32%)

300 (27%)

Medium to high

1416 (71%)

584 (68%)

832 (73%)

7

Chicken

0.732

Never to low

1119 (56%)

486 (57%)

633 (56%)

Medium to high

871 (44%)

372 (43%)

499 (44%)

8

Coffee

0.002

Never to low

1937 (97%)

846 (99%)

1091 (96%)

Medium to high

53 (2.7%)

12 (1.4%)

41 (3.6%)

9

Cooking method

0.401

Boiling

811 (41%)

359 (42%)

452 (40%)

Other than boiling

1179 (59%)

499 (58%)

680 (60%)

10

Cooking oil

< 0.001

Unsaturated

740 (37%)

243 (28%)

497 (44%)

Saturated or both

1250 (63%)

615 (72%)

635 (56%)

11

Cooking salt

0.001

Never to low

626 (31%)

237 (28%)

389 (34%)

Medium to high

1364 (69%)

621 (72%)

743 (66%)

12

Dinner time

< 0.001

Early

1279 (64%)

495 (58%)

784 (69%)

Late

711 (36%)

363 (42%)

348 (31%)

13

< 0.001

City plumbing

821 (41%)

221 (26%)

600 (53%)

Other than city plumbing

1169 (59%)

637 (74%)

532 (47%)

14

Eggs

< 0.001

Never to low

1265 (64%)

481 (56%)

784 (69%)

Medium to high

725 (36%)

377 (44%)

348 (31%)

15

Fish

0.902

Never to low

516 (26%)

224 (26%)

292 (26%)

Medium to high

1474 (74%)

634 (74%)

840 (74%)

16

Fruits

< 0.001

Never to low

1503 (76%)

611 (71%)

892 (79%)

Medium to high

487 (24%)

247 (29%)

240 (21%)

17

Milk

< 0.001

Never to low

1332 (67%)

526 (61%)

806 (71%)

Medium to high

658 (33%)

332 (39%)

326 (29%)

18

Minerals

< 0.001

Never

426 (21%)

114 (13%)

312 (28%)

Ever

1564 (79%)

744 (87%)

820 (72%)

19

Pickled vegetables

0.245

Never to low

414 (21%)

166 (19%)

248 (22%)

Medium to high

1576 (79%)

692 (81%)

884 (78%)

20

Processed meats

< 0.001

Never to low

1159 (58%)

555 (65%)

604 (53%)

Medium to high

831 (42%)

303 (35%)

528 (47%)

21

Potato chips

< 0.001

Never

1337 (67%)

629 (73%)

708 (63%)

Ever

653 (33%)

229 (27%)

424 (37%)

22

Red meat

0.413

Never to low

1076 (54%)

474 (55%)

602 (53%)

Medium to high

914 (46%)

384 (45%)

530 (47%)

23

Salted food

0.054

Never

1842 (93%)

783 (91%)

1059 (94%)

Ever

148 (7.4%)

75 (8.7%)

73 (6.4%)

24

Smoked fish

< 0.001

Never

1806 (91%)

756 (88%)

1050 (93%)

Ever

184 (9.2%)

102 (12%)

82 (7.2%)

25

Smoked rice

0.611

Never

1781 (89%)

764 (89%)

1017 (90%)

Ever

209 (11%)

94 (11%)

115 (10%)

26

Table salt

< 0.001

Never

1234 (62%)

450 (52%)

784 (69%)

Ever

756 (38%)

408 (48%)

348 (31%)

27

Tea

0.023

Never to low

53 (2.7%)

15 (1.7%)

38 (3.4%)

Medium to high

1937 (97%)

843 (98%)

1094 (97%)

28

Tea temperature

< 0.001

Cold to warm

1281 (64%)

450 (52%)

831 (73%)

Hot

709 (36%)

408 (48%)

301 (27%)

29

Tuna fish

< 0.001

Never

925 (46%)

442 (52%)

483 (43%)

Ever

1065 (54%)

416 (48%)

649 (57%)

30

Vegetables

> 0.901

Never to low

545 (27%)

236 (28%)

309 (27%)

Medium to high

1445 (73%)

622 (72%)

823 (73%)

31

Vitamins

< 0.001

Never

389 (20%)

93 (11%)

296 (26%)

Ever

1601 (80%)

765 (89%)

836 (74%)

32

Yoghurt

< 0.001

Never to low

477 (24%)

159 (19%)

318 (28%)

Medium to high

1513 (76%)

699 (81%)

814 (72%)

33

Colitis

0.825

No

1968 (99%)

849 (99%)

1119 (99%)

Yes

22 (1.1%)

9 (1.0%)

13 (1.1%)

34

Diabetes

> 0.932

No

1850 (93%)

797 (93%)

1053 (93%)

Yes

140 (7.0%)

61 (7.1%)

79 (7.0%)

35

Esophageal reflux

0.025

No

1572 (79%)

698 (81%)

874 (77%)

Yes

418 (21%)

160 (19%)

258 (23%)

36

Esophagitis

0.315

No

1976 (99%)

850 (99%)

1126 (99%)

Yes

14 (0.7%)

8 (0.9%)

6 (0.5%)

37

Family history of GC

< 0.001

No

1735 (87%)

712 (83%)

1023 (90%)

Yes

255 (13%)

146 (17%)

109 (9.6%)

38

< 0.001

No

1475 (74%)

585 (68%)

890 (79%)

Yes

515 (26%)

273 (32%)

242 (21%)

39

0.005

No

1832 (92%)

773 (90%)

1059 (94%)

Yes

158 (7.9%)

85 (9.9%)

73 (6.4%)

40

Fatty liver

0.226

No

1970 (99%)

852 (99%)

1118 (99%)

Yes

20 (1.0%)

6 (0.7%)

14 (1.2%)

41

Gastritis

< 0.001

No

1650 (83%)

758 (88%)

892 (79%)

Yes

340 (17%)

100 (12%)

240 (21%)

42

< 0.001

No

1926 (97%)

805 (94%)

1121 (99%)

Yes

64 (3.2%)

53 (6.2%)

11 (1.0%)

43

Family history of stomach operation

< 0.001

No

1952 (98%)

830 (97%)

1122 (99%)

Yes

38 (1.9%)

28 (3.3%)

10 (0.9%)

44

Alcohol

0.415

Never

1837 (92%)

787 (92%)

1050 (93%)

Ever

153 (7.7%)

71 (8.3%)

82 (7.2%)

45

Opium

< 0.001

Never

1777 (89%)

732 (85%)

1045 (92%)

Ever

213 (11%)

126 (15%)

87 (7.7%)

46

Smoking

< 0.001

Never

1414 (71%)

519 (60%)

895 (79%)

Ever

576 (29%)

339 (40%)

237 (21%)

47

Waterpipe

0.523

Never

1807 (91%)

775 (90%)

1032 (91%)

Ever

183 (9.2%)

83 (9.7%)

100 (8.8%)

48

< 0.001

Never

1235 (62%)

495 (58%)

740 (65%)

Ever

755 (38%)

363 (42%)

392 (35%)

49

Birth place

< 0.001

Urban

990 (50%)

332 (39%)

658 (58%)

Rural

1000 (50%)

526 (61%)

474 (42%)

50

Chemical exposure

0.003

Never

1704 (86%)

712 (83%)

992 (88%)

Ever

286 (14%)

146 (17%)

140 (12%)

51

Crowdedness

0.003

≤ 2 per room

1138 (57%)

458 (53%)

680 (60%)

> 2 per room

852 (43%)

400 (47%)

452 (40%)

52

0.003

≤ 2 per room

323 (16%)

115 (13%)

208 (18%)

> 2 per room

1667 (84%)

743 (87%)

924 (82%)

53

Drinking water

< 0.001

City plumbing

1777 (89%)

715 (83%)

1062 (94%)

Other than city plumbing

213 (11%)

143 (17%)

70 (6.2%)

54

Education

< 0.001

> 8 yrs

551 (28%)

128 (15%)

423 (37%)

< 8 yrs

1439 (72%)

730 (85%)

709 (63%)

55

< 0.001

High

988 (50%)

500 (58%)

488 (43%)

Low

1002 (50%)

358 (42%)

644 (57%)

56

Marital status

< 0.001

Other

115 (5.8%)

12 (1.4%)

103 (9.1%)

Married

1875 (94%)

846 (99%)

1029 (91%)

57

< 0.001

No

636 (32%)

151 (18%)

485 (43%)

Yes

1354 (68%)

707 (82%)

647 (57%)

58

< 0.001

Never

701 (35%)

256 (30%)

445 (39%)

Ever

1289 (65%)

602 (70%)

687 (61%)

59

Refrigerator use

0.241

Yes

1956 (98%)

840 (98%)

1116 (99%)

No

34 (1.7%)

18 (2.1%)

16 (1.4%)

60

< 0.001

Yes

698 (35%)

200 (23%)

498 (44%)

No

1292 (65%)

658 (77%)

634 (56%)

61

Residence place

< 0.001

Urban

1617 (81%)

604 (70%)

1013 (89%)

Rural

373 (19%)

254 (30%)

119 (11%)

62

< 0.001

Urban

1073 (54%)

345 (40%)

728 (64%)

Rural

917 (46%)

513 (60%)

404 (36%)

63

Residence type

< 0.001

Owned

1617 (81%)

758 (88%)

859 (76%)

Rented

373 (19%)

100 (12%)

273 (24%)

64

< 0.001

Owned

1786 (90%)

807 (94%)

979 (86%)

Rented

204 (10%)

51 (5.9%)

153 (14%)