Variables | Total (n = 876) | Non-hepatic steatosis group (n = 289) | Hepatic steatosis group (n = 587) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, Mean (S.E) | 52.37 (1.18) | 51.61 (2.01) | 52.75 (1.10) | 0.544 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.103 | |||
Male | 407 (50.07) | 109 (44.28) | 298 (52.98) | |
Female | 469 (49.93) | 180 (55.72) | 289 (47.02) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.455 | |||
Mexican American | 154 (11.52) | 37 (8.13) | 117 (13.22) | |
Other Hispanic | 96 (6.79) | 31 (6.63) | 65 (6.87) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 308 (62.25) | 100 (63.26) | 208 (61.75) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 162 (8.86) | 66 (10.20) | 96 (8.19) | |
Other Race | 156 (10.58) | 55 (11.78) | 101 (9.97) | |
Education level, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
High school degree or less | 222 (15.10) | 86 (21.24) | 136 (12.02) | |
High school education | 214 (32.53) | 52 (22.83) | 162 (37.41) | |
High school degree or above | 429 (51.71) | 147 (55.16) | 282 (49.98) | |
Unknown | 11 (0.65) | 4 (0.77) | 7 (0.59) | |
Family PIR, Mean (S.E) | 2.80 (0.10) | 2.76 (0.15) | 2.81 (0.14) | 0.790 |
Drinking status, n (%) | 0.871 | |||
No | 116 (9.73) | 48 (10.07) | 68 (9.56) | |
Yes | 760 (90.27) | 241 (89.93) | 519 (90.44) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.875 | |||
Never smoked | 457 (49.28) | 158 (47.95) | 299 (49.95) | |
Used to smoke and now quit | 255 (30.88) | 74 (30.90) | 181 (30.86) | |
Still smoking | 164 (19.85) | 57 (21.16) | 107 (19.19) | |
Physical activity, n (%) | 0.708 | |||
≤ 750 MET∙min | 605 (61.46) | 210 (62.89) | 395 (60.74) | |
> 750 MET∙min | 271 (38.54) | 79 (37.12) | 192 (39.26) | |
SBP, mmHg, Mean (S.E) | 131.37 (0.63) | 129.69 (1.62) | 132.22 (1.00) | 0.290 |
DBP, mmHg, Mean (S.E) | 76.09 (0.64) | 76.44 (1.27) | 75.91 (0.63) | 0.700 |
Hepatitis, n (%) | 0.025 | |||
No | 797 (93.57) | 254 (89.25) | 543 (95.75) | |
Yes | 79 (6.43) | 35 (10.75) | 44 (4.26) | |
CKD, n (%) | 0.652 | |||
No | 811 (95.27) | 266 (94.57) | 545 (95.62) | |
Yes | 65 (4.73) | 23 (5.43) | 42 (4.38) | |
CVD, n (%) | 0.011 | |||
No | 592 (71.57) | 210 (79.72) | 382 (67.48) | |
Yes | 284 (28.43) | 79 (20.28) | 205 (32.52) | |
ALT, U/L, Mean (S.E) | 27.25 (1.04) | 23.34 (1.49) | 29.21 (1.15) | 0.004 |
AST, U/L, Mean (S.E) | 23.48 (0.81) | 22.40 (1.63) | 24.02 (0.92) | 0.408 |
ALP, IU/L, Mean (S.E) | 81.61 (0.83) | 83.04 (2.41) | 80.90 (1.11) | 0.494 |
GGT, IU/L, Mean (S.E) | 36.13 (1.94) | 33.41 (3.41) | 37.50 (2.06) | 0.281 |
TC, mg/dL, Mean (S.E) | 191.01 (3.62) | 190.37 (2.84) | 191.32 (4.54) | 0.808 |
LDL-C, mg/dL, Mean (S.E) | 114.49 (2.57) | 113.35 (2.18) | 115.06 (3.29) | 0.591 |
Hs-CRP, mg/L, Mean (S.E) | 5.22 (0.50) | 5.19 (1.32) | 5.23 (0.36) | 0.978 |
Platelet count, 1000 cells/uL, Mean (S.E) | 245.33 (3.66) | 249.42 (4.61) | 243.28 (4.37) | 0.271 |
Total bilirubin, umol/L, Mean (S.E) | 8.12 (0.24) | 8.04 (0.46) | 8.16 (0.29) | 0.839 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL, Mean (S.E) | 0.87 (0.01) | 0.87 (0.02) | 0.87 (0.01) | 0.685 |
Urinary creatinine, mg/dL, Mean (S.E) | 139.13 (5.45) | 126.81 (10.49) | 145.33 (4.25) | 0.086 |
Serum ALB, g/L, Mean (S.E) | 39.79 (0.26) | 39.67 (0.39) | 39.86 (0.32) | 0.711 |
Urinary ALB, mg/L, Mean (S.E) | 57.03 (8.94) | 53.57 (14.45) | 58.77 (11.72) | 0.789 |
Drug for diabetes, n (%) | 0.028 | |||
No | 634 (77.36) | 227 (83.91) | 407 (74.07) | |
Yes | 242 (22.64) | 62 (16.09) | 180 (25.93) | |
Drug for hypertension, n (%) | 0.013 | |||
No | 472 (57.54) | 164 (66.39) | 308 (53.09) | |
Yes | 404 (42.46) | 125 (33.62) | 279 (46.91) | |
Drug for dyslipidemia, n (%) | 0.129 | |||
No | 591 (69.83) | 206 (75.00) | 385 (67.23) | |
Yes | 285 (30.17) | 83 (25.00) | 202 (32.77) | |
Antiviral agents, n (%) | 0.986 | |||
No | 874 (99.92) | 288 (99.92) | 586 (99.92) | |
Yes | 2 (0.08) | 1 (0.08) | 1 (0.08) | |
Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 0.897 | |||
No | 854 (97.73) | 281 (97.83) | 573 (97.68) | |
Yes | 22 (2.27) | 8 (2.17) | 14 (2.32) | |
Drug induce hepatic steatosis n (%) | 0.129 | |||
No | 859 (97.67) | 279 (96.00) | 580 (98.50) | |
Yes | 17 (2.33) | 10 (4.00) | 7 (1.50) | |
Energy, Mean (S.E) | 2220.76 (50.98) | 2126.94 (75.22) | 2267.91 (67.43) | 0.194 |
Carbohydrate, Mean (S.E) | 258.88 (6.21) | 252.72 (7.69) | 261.97 (8.27) | 0.415 |
Protein, Mean (S.E) | 83.54 (2.04) | 76.39 (3.03) | 87.14 (2.79) | 0.030 |
Total fat, Mean (S.E) | 91.19 (2.41) | 85.05 (4.41) | 94.28 (3.09) | 0.126 |
Vitamin E, Mean (S.E) | 0.67 (0.18) | 0.92 (0.45) | 0.55 (0.15) | 0.451 |
METS-IR, Mean (S.E) | 53.19 (1.03) | 47.68 (1.09) | 55.96 (0.95) | < 0.001 |
TyG index, Mean (S.E) | 9.14 (0.04) | 8.97 (0.05) | 9.22 (0.06) | 0.006 |
HOMA-IR, Mean (S.E) | 6.49 (0.37) | 4.32 (0.40) | 7.58 (0.52) | < 0.001 |
TyG-WHtR, Mean (S.E) | 6.05 (0.07) | 5.62 (0.07) | 6.27 (0.07) | < 0.001 |