Table 1 Baseline Characteristics for T2DM Patients with Cirrhosis
T2DM Cirrhosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Characteristics | Before Propensity Score Matching | After Propensity Score Matching | ||||
Metformin | Metformin + SGLT2-I | P | Metformin | Metformin + SGLT2-I | P | |
Age (Mean ± SD) | ||||||
Age at Index | 58.56 ± 14.41 | 60.35 ± 11.67 | < 0.001 | 60.55 ± 12.88 | 60.34 ± 11.66 | 0.642 |
Sex | ||||||
Men | 10368 (46.05) | 688 (48.76) | 0.048 | 670 (47.75) | 684 (48.75) | 0.597 |
Women | 11645 (51.72) | 707 (50.11) | 0.239 | 711 (50.68) | 703 (50.11) | 0.763 |
Unknown Gender | 502 (2.23) | 16 (1.13) | < 0.01 | 22 (1.57) | 16 (1.14) | 0.327 |
Race | ||||||
White | 15267 (67.81) | 985 (69.81) | 0.118 | 1025 (73.06) | 980 (69.85) | 0.060 |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 214 (0.95) | 10 (0.71) | 0.360 | 10 (0.71) | 10 (0.71) | 1.000 |
Asian | 599 (2.66) | 36 (2.55) | 0.805 | 26 (1.85) | 36 (2.57) | 0.199 |
Black or African American | 3278 (14.56) | 195 (13.82) | 0.444 | 177 (12.62) | 194 (13.83) | 0.343 |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 30 (0.13) | 10 (0.71) | < 0.001 | 10 (0.71) | 10 (0.71) | 1.000 |
Unknown Race | 3127 (13.89) | 184 (13.04) | 0.371 | 166 (11.83) | 183 (13.04) | 0.331 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Hispanic or Latino | 2570 (11.42) | 176 (12.47) | 0.226 | 170 (12.12) | 174 (12.4) | 0.818 |
Not Hispanic or Latino | 14816 (65.81) | 980 (69.45) | < 0.01 | 992 (70.71) | 974 (69.42) | 0.458 |
Unknown Ethnicity | 5129 (22.78) | 255 (18.07) | < 0.001 | 241 (17.18) | 255 (18.18) | 0.488 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease | 3813 (16.93) | 437 (30.97) | < 0.001 | 427 (30.44) | 431 (30.72) | 0.870 |
Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors | 1194 (5.3) | 111 (7.87) | < 0.001 | 101 (7.2) | 111 (7.91) | 0.475 |
Diseases of the digestive system | 16811 (74.67) | 1271 (90.08) | < 0.001 | 1247 (88.88) | 1263 (90.02) | 0.325 |
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 19630 (87.19) | 1334 (94.54) | < 0.001 | 1306 (93.09) | 1326 (94.51) | 0.117 |
Heart failure | 2743 (12.18) | 323 (22.89) | < 0.001 | 316 (22.52) | 316 (22.52) | 1.000 |
Hypertensive diseases | 15006 (66.65) | 1134 (80.37) | < 0.001 | 1086 (77.41) | 1127 (80.33) | 0.058 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 4757 (21.13) | 482 (34.16) | < 0.001 | 477 (34) | 475 (33.86) | 0.936 |
Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use | 6860 (30.47) | 472 (33.45) | 0.018 | 446 (31.79) | 469 (33.43) | 0.354 |
Metabolic disorders | 14180 (62.98) | 1137 (80.58) | < 0.001 | 1131 (80.61) | 1129 (80.47) | 0.924 |
Other specified diabetes mellitus | 948 (4.21) | 84 (5.95) | < 0.01 | 81 (5.77) | 83 (5.92) | 0.872 |
Overweight, obesity and other hyperalimentation | 9225 (40.97) | 782 (55.42) | < 0.001 | 781 (55.67) | 776 (55.31) | 0.849 |
Surgeries and Procedures | ||||||
Surgery | 15259 (67.77) | 1122 (79.52) | < 0.001 | 1069 (76.19) | 1114 (79.4) | 0.041 |
Surgical Procedures on the Digestive System | 5828 (25.89) | 559 (39.62) | < 0.001 | 552 (39.34) | 554 (39.49) | 0.938 |
Medications | ||||||
Ace inhibitors | 8683 (38.56) | 706 (50.03) | < 0.001 | 688 (49.04) | 701 (49.96) | 0.624 |
Angiotensin ii inhibitor | 4333 (19.25) | 490 (34.73) | < 0.001 | 495 (35.28) | 483 (34.43) | 0.634 |
Antiarrhythmics | 9014 (40.04) | 780 (55.28) | < 0.001 | 766 (54.6) | 772 (55.02) | 0.820 |
Anticoagulants | 7875 (34.98) | 669 (47.41) | < 0.001 | 637 (45.4) | 663 (47.26) | 0.325 |
Antihypertensives,other | 4042 (17.95) | 360 (25.51) | < 0.001 | 354 (25.23) | 356 (25.37) | 0.931 |
Antihypoglycemics | 6241 (27.72) | 582 (41.25) | < 0.001 | 580 (41.34) | 576 (41.06) | 0.878 |
Antilipemic agents | 10930 (48.55) | 1007 (71.37) | < 0.001 | 996 (70.99) | 1000 (71.28) | 0.868 |
Beta blockers/related | 9079 (40.32) | 778 (55.14) | < 0.001 | 756 (53.89) | 772 (55.02) | 0.544 |
Calcium channel blockers | 6017 (26.72) | 508 (36) | < 0.001 | 486 (34.64) | 504 (35.92) | 0.477 |
Diuretics | 9774 (43.41) | 799 (56.63) | < 0.001 | 784 (55.88) | 793 (56.52) | 0.732 |
Platelet aggregation inhibitors | 8412 (37.36) | 767 (54.36) | < 0.001 | 757 (53.96) | 760 (54.17) | 0.910 |
Insulin | 9395 (41.73) | 864 (61.23) | < 0.001 | 847 (60.37) | 857 (61.08) | 0.699 |
a-carbose | 54 (0.24) | 10 (0.73) | < 0.001 | 9 (0.67) | 7 (0.48) | 0.413 |
Miglitol | 9 (0.04) | 0 (0) | 0.319 | 7 (0.48) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
Alogliptin | 83 (0.37) | 14 (1.02) | < 0.001 | 22 (1.06) | 19 (0.92) | 0.638 |
Linagliptin | 529 (2.35) | 67 (4.72) | < 0.001 | 90 (4.33) | 89 (4.28) | 0.939 |
Saxagliptin | 157 (0.7) | 17 (1.22) | < 0.01 | 33 (1.59) | 23 (1.11) | 0.178 |
Sitagliptin | 2102 (9.34) | 282 (20.1) | < 0.001 | 379 (18.25) | 359 (17.28) | 0.417 |
Nateglinide | 34 (0.15) | 6 (0.41) | < 0.01 | 7 (0.48) | 7 (0.48) | 1.000 |
Repaglinide | 150 (0.67) | 15 (1.06) | 0.029 | 13 (0.92) | 13 (0.96) | 0.872 |
Glipizide | 3062 (13.59) | 331 (23.47) | < 0.001 | 305 (21.76) | 294 (20.99) | 0.545 |
Glyburide | 747 (3.32) | 67 (4.76) | < 0.001 | 74 (5.25) | 69 (4.67) | 0.391 |
Glimepiride | 1702 (7.56) | 197 (13.95) | < 0.001 | 160 (11.36) | 175 (12.52) | 0.251 |
Chlorpropamide | 10 (0.04) | 0 (0) | 0.3187034 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Dulaglutide | 1015 (4.1) | 307 (12.49) | < 0.001 | 231 (11.12) | 208 (10.01) | 0.246 |
Liraglutide | 801 (3.56) | 144 (10.21) | < 0.001 | 120 (9) | 120 (8.57) | 0.622 |
Lixisenatide | 23 (0.1) | 6 (0.41) | < 0.001 | 7 (0.48) | 7 (0.48) | 1.000 |
Semaglutide | 583 (2.59) | 126 (8.91) | < 0.001 | 105 (7.51) | 92 (6.55) | 0.225 |
Pioglitazone | 830 (3.69) | 104 (7.36) | < 0.001 | 90 (6.4) | 89 (6.31) | 0.899 |
Rosiglitazone | 59 (0.26) | 6 (0.41) | 0.165 | 7 (0.48) | 7 (0.48) | 1 |
Teplizumab | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Tirzepatide | 29 (0.13) | 6 (0.41) | < 0.01 | 7 (0.48) | 7 (0.48) | 1 |
Tolazamide | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Tolbutamide | 9 (0.04) | 0 (0) | 0.319 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Labs | ||||||
Alanine aminotransferase | 47.59 ± 76.1 | 47.7 ± 96.33 | 0.965 | 45.25 ± 65.54 | 47.92 ± 96.65 | 0.459 |
Albumin | 3.84 ± 0.63 | 3.96 ± 0.57 | < 0.001 | 3.85 ± 0.62 | 3.96 ± 0.57 | < 0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase | 105.84 ± 76.39 | 103.43 ± 74.05 | 0.315 | 112.35 ± 84.16 | 103.62 ± 74.26 | 0.011 |
Ammonia | 149.42 ± 2061.59 | 39.59 ± 26.49 | 0.656 | 41.16 ± 30.7 | 39.61 ± 26.69 | 0.754 |
Aspartate aminotransferase | 46.67 ± 85.09 | 43.13 ± 62.75 | 0.182 | 47.33 ± 106.21 | 43.27 ± 62.94 | 0.285 |
Direct Bilirubin | 0.42 ± 1.29 | 0.35 ± 0.81 | 0.168 | 0.33 ± 0.74 | 0.35 ± 0.81 | 0.621 |
Indirect Bilirubin | 0.63 ± 0.83 | 0.58 ± 0.41 | 0.539 | 0.51 ± 0.26 | 0.59 ± 0.41 | 0.087 |
Total Bilirubin | 0.81 ± 1.34 | 0.75 ± 0.88 | 0.157 | 0.78 ± 1 | 0.75 ± 0.88 | 0.533 |
BMI | 33.21 ± 7.48 | 33.75 ± 7.2 | 0.057 | 33.35 ± 7.2 | 33.74 ± 7.2 | 0.299 |
Body weight | 208.85 ± 58.84 | 210.73 ± 59.45 | 0.333 | 210.22 ± 57.2 | 210.77 ± 59.48 | 0.835 |
Calcium | 9.2 ± 0.77 | 9.32 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 | 9.23 ± 0.68 | 9.32 ± 0.65 | < 0.01 |
Creatinine | 0.92 ± 2.44 | 0.95 ± 0.38 | 0.656 | 0.94 ± 1.04 | 0.95 ± 0.38 | 0.829 |
Gamma glutamyl transferase | 160.8 ± 268.66 | 138.5 ± 212.96 | 0.214 | 171.01 ± 281.18 | 138.64 ± 214.04 | 0.170 |
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate | 83.56 ± 28.91 | 78.29 ± 28.39 | < 0.001 | 80.72 ± 28.14 | 78.45 ± 28.38 | 0.058 |
Glucose | 151.01 ± 74.91 | 176.45 ± 83.52 | < 0.001 | 154.79 ± 90.74 | 176.31 ± 83.35 | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin A1c | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 8.11 ± 2.03 | < 0.001 | 7.36 ± 1.85 | 8.11 ± 2.03 | < 0.001 |
INR | 1.25 ± 1.54 | 1.14 ± 0.39 | 0.035 | 1.25 ± 1.3 | 1.14 ± 0.4 | 0.022 |
Platelets | 208.63 ± 93.44 | 208.46 ± 90.16 | 0.952 | 204.96 ± 91.22 | 208.42 ± 90.1 | 0.376 |
Urea nitrogen | 15.34 ± 8.86 | 17.16 ± 8.83 | < 0.001 | 16.11 ± 8.95 | 17.1 ± 8.8 | 0.011 |
Liver Disease Severity | ||||||
FIB-4 | 1.90 | 1.81 | - | 2.08 | 1.81 | - |
MELD-Na | 7.35 | 6.34 | - | 7.41 | 6.32 | - |