Table 2 Characteristics of included study of risk factors for metachronous advanced neoplasia
First author’s last name [ref] | Year | Country | Study design | Total cohort population | Age at diagnosis | Sex | Follow-up time | Definition of outcome | Assessed risk factors | Confounders adjusted for in the analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minamide [31] | 2021 | Japan | Retrospective Cohort | 343 | Median 65 years (IQR: 59–71) | 219 M+ 124F | Median 61.5 months (IQR: 41.4–66.2) | Metachronous advanced neoplasia defined as adenoma ≥10 mm, adenoma with villous histology, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia, or invasive cancer detected at least 6 months after pre-resection colonoscopy for SM-CRC | Age (≥65 yrs), sex, lesion location, resection method, synchronous advanced neoplasia, number of surveillance total colonoscopy | Age, sex, location (colon or rectum), resection method (SR or ER), and number of surveillance colonoscopies (<  3 or ≥ 3 times) |
Nam [32] | 2020 | Korea | Retrospective Cohort | 293 | Mean 63.2 ± 10.4 years (range 34 to 89) | 179 M + 114F | Mean 74.4 ± 36.4 months (range 12.3 to 185.1) | Colon neoplasms detected ≥1 year after perioperative clearing colonoscopy were defined as metachronous lesions | Age (≥65 yrs), sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, current alcohol drinking, current smoking, T stage, N stage, advanced stage (stage3), location, differentiation, synchronous high-risk adenoma | Age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, current alcohol drinking, current smoking, T stage, N stage, advanced stage (stage3, location, differentiation, synchronous high-risk adenoma |
Tjaden [33] | 2019 | USA | Retrospective Cohort | 697 | less than 75 | M + F | Not given | CRC or adenoma ≥10 mm in endoscopic size, villous histology or high-grade dysplasia or the presence of AN or ≥ 3 adenomas more than 6 months after the diagnosis of CRC | Age(< 50 yrs), sex, race, smoking status, aspirin usage, first-degree family history, BMI, cancer location, cancer side, tumour differentiation, cancer stage, synchronous adenoma, synchronous AN, side of synchronous AN, synchronous HRA, ≥3 synchronous adenomas, synchronous sessile serrated polyp, prepared quality at index | Adjusted for centre |
Choe [34] | 2015 | Korea | Retrospective Cohort | 451 | Mean 61.47 ± 9.91 years | 287 M + 164F | Median 48.7 months (range 12.1–108.0 month) | Metachronous CRC was defined as a second primary CRC occurring more than 1 year after the resection of the index cancer and does not include an anastomosis line recurrence or a locoregional recurrence invading the colorectum. An advanced adenoma was defined as an adenoma ≥10 mm in size, with a villous histology or high-grade dysplasia. | Age (< 65 vs. > 65 years), sex, the location of the index tumour (proximal to splenic flexure was right), obesity, diabetes, hypertension, aspirin use, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, stage, high risk patients | Age, sex, the location of the index tumour (proximal to splenic flexure was right), obesity, diabetes, hypertension, aspirin use, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, stage, high risk patients |
Lee [35] | 2014 | Korea | Retrospective Cohort | 1049 | Mean 59.0 ± 10.3 years (range 26–85) | 647 M + 402F | Mean 40.7 ± 19.1 months (range 7–75) | Metachronous neoplasms were defined as neoplasms and advanced adenoma occurring more than 6 months after the resection of primary neoplasm. They had to be distinctly separated by at least 4 cm from the anastomosis | Age, synchronous adenoma, diabetes mellitus, sex, hypertension, baseline multiple adenomas, synchronous advanced adenoma | Age, synchronous adenoma, diabetes mellitus, gender, hypertension, baseline multiple adenomas, synchronous advanced adenoma |
Borda [36] | 2012 | Spain | Retrospective Cohort | 382 | Not given | M + F | Median 48 months | Metachronous lesion was defined as the lesion that appeared at least 12 months after resection and was not located in the surgical anastomosis | 40 variables on patient characteristics, initial neoplastic lesions, and immunohistochemical CRC features | 40 variables on patient characteristics, initial neoplastic lesions, and immunohistochemical CRC features |
Moon [37] | 2010 | Korea | Retrospective Cohort | 503 | Mean 58.6 years | 328 M + 175F | Mean 35.7 months, range 6 to 84 months | A lesion arising from mucosa at a site other than anastomosis found in a surveillance colonoscopy more than 6 months after resection | Age, sex, stratification of synchronous neoplasia, time of first follow-up colonoscopy | Age, sex, stratification of synchronous neoplasia, time of first follow-up colonoscopy |
Balleste [38] | 2007 | Spain | Retrospective Cohort | 355 | Mean 67 years | 223 M + 132F | Up to 2 years | Any adenoma or carcinoma arising from mucosa at a site other than anastomosis between the first and second year of follow-up | Sex, undifferentiated tumour, previous or synchronous adenoma, previous CRC | Sex, undifferentiated tumour, previous CRC |
Yabuuchi [39] | 2018 | Japan | Retrospective Cohort | 1731 | Median 66 years (IQR 59–72) | 1075 M + 656F | Median 47.5 months (IQR 24.4–48.4) | A new CRC or advanced adenoma diagnosed at least more than 12 months after the initial CRC | Age (≥65 years), sex, surgical resection type, synchronous advanced neoplasia, TNM stage, family history of colorectal cancer, diabetes mellitus, adjuvant chemotherapy, body mass index, aspirin use, alcohol, smoking | Age (≥65 years), sex, surgical resection type, synchronous advanced neoplasia, TNM stage, family history of colorectal cancer, diabetes mellitus, adjuvant chemotherapy, body mass index, aspirin use, alcohol, smoking |