Table 4 Imaging characteristics for TN.
Imaging examination | Traumatic neuroma (TN) | |
|---|---|---|
TN located in abdominal cavity | TN located in limbs, head and neck | |
Ultrasonography | - | 1. Smaller short axis diameters and short-to-long axis ratios than recurrent LN; 2. Absence of vascular flow; 3. Most of TNs were fusiform; 4. Well-defined or ill-defined margin; 5. Central hyperechogenicity; 6. Internal linear hypoechogenicity . |
CT | Enhanced mass with central hypoattenuation and hyperattenuating rim | Nodules with central hypoattenuation and hyperattenuating rim |
The appearance of TN on CT could be various and may be location-related | ||
MRI | T1:Heterogeneous thicken of the common bile ducts with contrast enhancement; T2: Markedly homogeneous or heterogeneous enhanced nodules with low-intensity capsule. | T1: Homogeneous nodules iso-intense to muscles; T2: High-intensity with hypointense rim and heterogeneous contrast enhancement. |
PET/CT | The diagnosis of TN can’t be excluded just by a positive results of PET/CT. | |
EUS | A homogeneous hypoechoic mass with a clear margin. | - |
IDUS | TN located at cystic stump. | - |
ERCP | TN were covered by normal bile duct mucosa. | - |