The incidence of chronic diarrhea decreases with increasing serum calcium levels: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2005–2010

Table 2 Multiple regression modeling of the relationship between serum calcium and the risk of diarrhea

Variable	Cases/participants	Non-adjust		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Variable	Cases/participants	OR 95% CI	P-value	OR 95% CI	P-value	OR 95% CI	P-value	OR 95% CI	P-value	OR 95% CI	P-value
Serum calcium	947/12342	0.26 (0.13 ~ 0.53)	< 0.001	0.28 (0.14 ~ 0.58)	0.001	0.4 (0.19 ~ 0.82)	0.012	0.27 (0.11 ~ 0.64)	0.003	0.24 (0.1 ~ 0.59)	0.002
Quartile 1	239/2483	1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)		1 (Ref)
Quartile 2	197/2547	0.79 (0.65 ~ 0.96)	0.017	0.81 (0.67 ~ 0.99)	0.042	0.84 (0.69 ~ 1.03)	0.089	0.82 (0.67 ~ 1)	0.055	0.8 (0.65 ~ 0.98)	0.032
Quartile 3	283/4074	0.7 (0.59 ~ 0.84)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.61 ~ 0.88)	0.001	0.77 (0.64 ~ 0.93)	0.006	0.73 (0.6 ~ 0.89)	0.002	0.72 (0.59 ~ 0.89)	0.002
Quartile 4	228/3238	0.71 (0.59 ~ 0.86)	< 0.001	0.74 (0.61 ~ 0.9)	0.002	0.81 (0.67 ~ 0.99)	0.04	0.75 (0.59 ~ 0.94)	0.012	0.72 (0.58 ~ 0.91)	0.006
p for trend			< 0.001		0.001		0.024		0.007		0.004

Model 1: adjust age, gender, race, education, marital status, family income
Model 2: model 1 + smoking stuts, drinking, high intensity exercise, moderate intensity activity
Model 3: model 2 + albumin, serum iron, cholesterol, phosphorus, total protein, uric acid, serum vitamin D, sodium, potassium, calcium intake
Model 4: model 3 + diabetes, arthritis, kidney failure, osteoporosis, thyroid disease

ISSN: 1471-230X