Table 1 Characteristics of Participants in the NHANES 2005–2010
Variables | Total (n = 12342) | Non-diarrhea (n = 11395) | Diarrhea (n = 947) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Female | 6284 (50.9) | 5743 (50.4) | 541 (57.1) | |
Male | 6058 (49.1) | 5652 (49.6) | 406 (42.9) | |
Age (year), Mean ± SD | 49.2 ± 17.9 | 48.9 ± 18.0 | 53.4 ± 16.5 | < 0.001 |
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 2238 (18.1) | 2027 (17.8) | 211 (22.3) | |
Other Hispanic | 968 (7.8) | 881 (7.7) | 87 (9.2) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 6325 (51.2) | 5902 (51.8) | 423 (44.7) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2338 (18.9) | 2147 (18.8) | 191 (20.2) | |
Other Race | 473 (3.8) | 438 (3.8) | 35 (3.7) | |
Education, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||
< 12th Grad | 6293 (51.0) | 5703 (50) | 590 (62.3) | |
High School Grad/GED or higher | 6049 (49.0) | 5692 (50) | 357 (37.7) | |
Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Married | 6694 (54.2) | 6171 (54.2) | 523 (55.2) | |
Widowed/Divorced | 2306 (18.7) | 2091 (18.4) | 215 (22.7) | |
Never married | 3342 (27.1) | 3133 (27.5) | 209 (22.1) | |
Family income ($), n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
< 20,000 | 2975 (24.1) | 2677 (23.5) | 298 (31.5) | |
≥ 20,000 | 9367 (75.9) | 8718 (76.5) | 649 (68.5) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
Non-smoker | 6461 (52.3) | 6008 (52.7) | 453 (47.8) | |
≥ 100 cigarettes during their lifetime | 5881 (47.7) | 5387 (47.3) | 494 (52.2) | |
Drinking, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
No | 3476 (28.2) | 3166 (27.8) | 310 (32.7) | |
Yes | 8866 (71.8) | 8229 (72.2) | 637 (67.3) | |
Albumin (g/L) Mean ± SD | 42.1 ± 3.6 | 42.1 ± 3.6 | 41.6 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Serum calcium (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 0.95 |
Serum iron (μmol/L), Mean ± SD | 15.3 ± 6.4 | 15.3 ± 6.4 | 14.6 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.652 |
Total protein (g/L), Mean ± SD | 71.4 ± 4.9 | 71.4 ± 4.8 | 71.8 ± 5.3 | 0.016 |
Uric acid (μmol/L), Mean ± SD | 324.5 ± 86.5 | 323.9 ± 86.1 | 332.0 ± 90.4 | 0.005 |
Sodium (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 139.2 ± 2.3 | 139.2 ± 2.3 | 139.0 ± 2.6 | 0.073 |
Potassium (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 0.029 |
Serum Vitamin D (nmol/L), Mean ± SD | 61.5 ± 24.4 | 61.7 ± 24.6 | 58.6 ± 22.6 | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL), Mean ± SD | 14.2 ± 1.5 | 14.2 ± 1.5 | 13.9 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
Calcium intake(mg), Mean ± SD | 805.0 (523.0, 1181.0) | 811.0 (527.0, 1186.0) | 744.0 (492.0, 1090.0) | < 0.001 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 29.1 ± 6.7 | 29.0 ± 6.6 | 30.8 ± 8.1 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 10963 (88.8) | 10192 (89.4) | 771 (81.4) | |
Yes | 1379 (11.2) | 1203 (10.6) | 176 (18.6) | |
Depression, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 11316 (91.7) | 10528 (92.4) | 788 (83.2) | |
Yes | 1026 (8.3) | 867 (7.6) | 159 (16.8) | |
Kidney failure, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 12042 (97.6) | 11138 (97.7) | 904 (95.5) | |
Yes | 300 (2.4) | 257 (2.3) | 43 (4.5) | |
Arthritis, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 8972 (72.7) | 8364 (73.4) | 608 (64.2) | |
Yes | 3370 (27.3) | 3031 (26.6) | 339 (35.8) | |
Osteoporosis, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
No | 11655 (94.4) | 10783 (94.6) | 872 (92.1) | |
Yes | 687 (5.6) | 612 (5.4) | 75 (7.9) | |
Thyroid disease, n (%) | 0.037 | |||
No | 11146 (90.3) | 10309 (90.5) | 837 (88.4) | |
Yes | 1196 (9.7) | 1086 (9.5) | 110 (11.6) | |
High intensity exercise, n (%) | 0.002 | |||
No | 9483 (76.8) | 8716 (76.5) | 767 (81) | |
Yes | 2859 (23.2) | 2679 (23.5) | 180 (19) | |
Moderate intensity exercise, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 6979 (56.5) | 6389 (56.1) | 590 (62.3) | |
Yes | 5363 (43.5) | 5006 (43.9) | 357 (37.7) | |