Fig. 2

Inhibiting VEGF pathway signaling. Various approaches can be employed to inhibit VEGF pathway signaling, including the use of anti-VEGF antibodies (e.g., bevacizumab), anti-VEGFR-2 antibodies (e.g., ramucirumab), soluble VEGF receptors (e.g., aflibercept), and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib, sorafenib, regorafenib, apatinib [anti-VEGFR-2 TKi]). These agents target different components of the VEGF pathway to impede its signaling cascade