Table 3 Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and general information of the family

Family size (persons)

 2

148(35.15%)

108(72.97%)

40(27.03%)

Reference

Reference

 3

120(28.50%)

94(78.33%)

26(21.67%)

1.34(0.76-2.36)

0.312

1.30(0.73-2.32)

0.374

 4

76(18.05%)

63(82.89%)

13(17.11%)

1.79(0.89-3.61)

0.101

1.68(0.82-3.43)

0.155

 5

34(8.08%)

31(91.18%)

3(8.82%)

3.83(1.11-13.22)

0.034

4.09(1.17-14.33)

0.028

 ≥6

43(10.21%)

42(97.67%)

1(2.33%)

15.56(2.06-116.80)

0.008

15.19(2.01-114.73)

0.008

The generations living together

 1

85(20.19%)

63(74.12%)

22(25.88%)

Reference

 2

214(50.83%)

175(81.78%)

39(18.22%)

1.57(0.86-2.85)

0.140

 ≥3

122(28.98%)

100(81.97%)

22(18.03%)

1.59(0.81-3.10)

0.176

Family income (yuan)

 ＜100,000

300(71.26%)

249(83.00%)

51(17.00%)

Reference

Reference

 ≥100,000

121(28.74%)

89(73.55%)

32(26.45%)

0.57(0.34-0.94)

0.029

0.52(0.31-0.89)

0.017

Living area

 City

268(63.66%)

209(77.99%)

59(22.01%)

Reference

 Urban-rural combination

111(26.37%)

93(83.78%)

18(16.22%)

1.46(0.82-2.61)

0.203

 Rural

42(9.98%)

36(85.71%)

6(14.29%)

1.69(0.68-4.21)

0.257

Total household living area (m²)

 ＜60

51(12.11%)

42(82.35%)

9(17.65%)

Reference

 60-120

263(62.47%)

210(79.85%)

53(20.15%)

0.85(0.39-1.85)

0.681

 ＞120

107(25.42%)

86(80.37%)

21(19.63%)

0.88(0.37-2.08)

0.767

Family with animals

 No

363(86.22%)

288(79.34%)

75(20.66%)

Reference

 Yes

58(13.78%)

50(86.21%)

8(13.79%)

1.63(0.74-3.58)

0.226

Family with Pets

 No

397(94.30%)

316(79.60%)

81(20.40%)

Reference

 Yes

24(5.70%)

22(91.67%)

2(8.33%)

2.82(0.65-12.24)

0.166

Family with Poultry

 No

387(91.92%)

309(79.84%)

78(20.16%)

Reference

 Yes

34(8.08%)

29(85.29%)

5(14.71%)

1.46(0.55-3.91)

0.446

Family with Livestock

 No

409(97.15%)

329(80.44%)

80(19.56%)

Reference

 Yes

12(2.85%)

9(75.00%)

3(25.00%)

0.73(0.19-2.76)

0.642

Drinking water sources

 Heated tap water

338(80.29%)

278(82.25%)

60(17.75%)

Reference

Reference

 Raw tap water

67(15.91%)

47(70.15%)

20(29.85%)

0.51(0.28-0.92)

0.025

0.51(0.28-0.95)

0.033

 Bottled water

4(0.95%)

3(75.00%)

1(25.00%)

0.65(0.07-6.33)

0.709

0.79(0.08-8.09)

0.840

 Well water

10(2.38%)

9(90.00%)

1(10.00%)

1.94(0.24-15.62)

0.532

2.23(0.27-18.27)

0.454

 Others

2(0.48%)

1(50.00%)

1(50.00%)

0.22(0.01-3.50)

0.281

0.28(0.02-5.16)

0.391

Dish scrubbing

 Flow washing

359(85.27%)

286(79.67%)

73(20.33%)

Reference

 Still water / basin wash

62(14.73%)

52(83.87%)

10(16.13%)

1.33(0.64-2.74)

0.443

Dish sterilization

 No sterilization

162(38.48%)

127(78.40%)

35(21.60%)

Reference

 Automatic sterilizer

191(45.37%)

157(82.20%)

34(17.80%)

1.27(0.75-2.15)

0.370

 Other disinfection methods

68(16.15%)

54(79.41%)

14(20.59%)

1.06(0.53-2.13)

0.864

Sharing of household goods

 No

143(33.97%)

115(80.42%)

28(19.58%)

Reference

 Yes

278(66.03%)

223(80.22%)

55(19.78%)

0.99(0.59-1.64)

0.960

Dishes and Chopsticks sharing

 No

157(37.29%)

127(80.89%)

30(19.11%)

Reference

 Yes

264(62.71%)

211(79.92%)

53(20.08%)

0.94(0.57-1.55)

0.809

Tea cup sharing

 No

350(83.14%)

282(80.57%)

68(19.43%)

Reference

 Yes

71(16.86%)

56(78.87%)

15(21.13%)

0.90(0.48-1.69)

0.743

Mouthwash Cup sharing

 No

374(88.84%)

297(79.41%)

77(20.59%)

Reference

 Yes

47(11.16%)

41(87.23%)

6(12.77%)

1.77(0.73-4.33)

0.209

Tooth cleaner sharing

 No

401(95.25%)

321(80.05%)

80(19.95%)

Reference

 Yes

20(4.75%)

17(85.00%)

3(15.00%)

1.41(0.40-4.94)

0.589

Family meal sharing

 No

343(81.47%)

277(80.76%)

66(19.24%)

Reference

 Yes

78(18.53%)

61(78.21%)

17(21.79%)

0.85(0.47-1.56)

0.609

Use communal chopsticks and spoons

 No

332(78.86%)

270(81.33%)

62(18.67%)

Reference

 Yes

89(21.14%)

68(76.40%)

21(23.60%)

0.74(0.42-1.30)

0.301

Family history of peptic ulcer

 No

328(77.91%)

267(81.40%)

61(18.60%)

Reference

 Yes

93(22.09%)

71(76.34%)

22(23.66%)

0.74(0.42-1.28)

0.280

Family history of gastric cancer

 No

410(97.39%)

327(79.76%)

83(20.24%)

Reference

 Yes

11(2.61%)

11(100.00%)

0(0.00%)

0.80(0.76-0.84)

0.200

Health workers in the home

 No

207(49.17%)

161(77.78%)

46(22.22%)

Reference

 Yes

214(50.83%)

177(82.71%)

37(17.29%)

1.37(0.84-2.21)

0.204

 Male to female ratio in the household

0.44±0.21

0.44±0.21

0.44±0.21

0.575

 Average age of family members

38.22±10.52

38.69±10.32

36.29±11.13

0.141

 Percentage of family members tested for Hp^a

0.19±0.29

0.19±0.29

0.18±0.28

0.908

 Percentage of family members with higher education^b

0.54±0.33

0.54±0.32

0.55±0.37

0.085

Duration of family cohabitation (years)

 ＜1

41(9.74%)

34(82.93%)

7(17.07%)

Reference

 ≥1

88(20.90%)

70(79.55%)

18(20.45%)

0.80(0.31-2.10)

0.651

 ≥5

118(28.03%)

99(83.90%)

19(16.10%)

1.07(0.41-2.77)

0.885

 ≥10

174(41.33%)

135(77.59%)

39(22.41%)

0.71(0.29-1.73)

0.455

At least one person infected Hp

 No

83(19.71%)

 Yes

338(80.29%)