Table 1 Weighted characteristics of participants included in the study

Age (years)

48.6 (46.9,50.3)

44.1 (42.3,46.0)

55.8 (53.9,57.7)

 < 0.001

Gender = male (%)

48.8 (44.8,52.8)

42.8 (36.6,49.2)

58.3 (52.4,64.0)

 < 0.001

Ethic = Non-Hispanic White (%)

63.1 (56.2,69.5)

65.2 (58.8,71.1)

59.9 (50.1,68.9)

0.114

Education = Less than high school (%)

10.4 (7.9,13.5)

8.9 (6.8,11.4)

12.9 (9.0,18.0)

0.008

Alcohol use (%)

90.7 (87.8,92.9)

91.0 (88.2,93.1)

90.2 (85.3,93.6)

0.681

Diabetes (%)

9.1 (7.9,10.5)

3.7 (2.6,5.3)

17.7 (14.8,21.0)

 < 0.001

HTN (%)

24.2 (21.0,27.7)

16.5 (12.9,20.8)

36.5 (32.2,40.9)

 < 0.001

Physical activity (%)

25.2 (20.9,30.1)

25.9 (20.3,32.3)

24.2 (19.3,29.9)

0.603

TG (mg/dL)

124.1 (118.3,129.9)

101.1 (97.1,105.1)

160.7 (151.1,170.4)

 < 0.001

TC (mg/dL)

189.0 (185.4,192.6)

185.9 (181.3,190.6)

193.9 (189.4,198.4)

0.017

HDL-c (mg/dL)

55.8 (55.0,56.6)

58.7 (58.0,59.5)

51.1 (49.4,52.8)

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.0 (24.7,25.2)

24.0 (23.7,24.3)

26.5 (26.1,26.9)

 < 0.001

WC (cm)

89.8 (89.0,90.5)

85.9 (85.0,86.8)

95.9 (95.1,96.8)

 < 0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.6 (5.5,5.6)

5.4 (5.4,5.4)

5.9 (5.8,5.9)

 < 0.001

CAP (dB/m)

238.2 (234.3,242.1)

204.6 (201.5,207.8)

291.7 (287.7,295.6)

 < 0.001

CAP categorical = NAFLD (%)

38.6 (33.9, 43.4)

0

100

 < 0.001

TyG

8.5 (8.5,8.6)

8.3 (8.3,8.3)

8.8 (8.8,8.9)

 < 0.001

TG/HDL

2.6 (2.5,2.8)

1.9 (1.8,2.0)

3.7 (3.4,4.1)

 < 0.001

TyG-BMI

213.1 (210.4, 215.8)

199.8 (196.7, 203.0)

234.2 (230.2, 238.2)

 < 0.001

TyG-WC

767.2 (758.2, 776.1)

716.0 (707.2, 724.8)

848.9 (837.4, 860.5)

 < 0.001

LSM (Kpa)

4.9 (4.7, 5.0)

4.6 (4.4, 4.9)

5.3 (5.0, 5.6)

 < 0.001

LSM categorical = liver stiffness (%)

6.4 (4.7, 8.7)

3.8 (2.8, 5.1)

10.6 (6.5, 16.6)

 < 0.001