A novel imaging index for predicting adverse progression in acute-on-chronic liver failure related to hepatitis B virus: the low erector spine index

Table 4 Cox Regression Evaluation of ESI Associated with Outcomes in HBV-ACLF patients

Outcomes	ESI (cm²/m²)	No. of events (%)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis^*
Outcomes	ESI (cm²/m²)	No. of events (%)	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Mortality	ESI<12.05	30(51.7)	2.23(1.25–4.21)	0.005	2.52(1.34–9.24) ^d	0.011
Mortality	ESI ≥ 12.05^‡	16(26.7)	1.00	0.005	1.00	0.011
Kidney dysfunction	ESI<12.05	20(43.5)	1.47(1.01–2.15)	0.017	1.36(1.05–2.93) ^e	0.043
Kidney dysfunction	ESI ≥ 12.05^‡	13(23.2)	1.00	0.017	1.00	0.043
Hepatic encephalopathy	ESI<12.05	19(39.6)	2.54(1.21–5.31)	0.014	2.26(2.05–3.13) ^f	0.036
Hepatic encephalopathy	ESI ≥ 12.05^‡	8(14.0)	1.00	0.014	1.00	0.036
In-hospital infection	ESI<12.05	27(75.0)	1.47(0.94–2.31)	0.090	1.62(0.6–3.08) ^g	0.138
In-hospital infection	ESI ≥ 12.05^‡	26(63.4)	1.00	0.090	1.00	0.138

^‡: reference value. *: The choice of variables for the multivariable analysis was based on the results of univariable analysis and clinical correlation. d: HR adjusted by age, serum bilirubin, INR, hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatremia, and kidney dysfunction; e: HR adjusted by age, serum albumin, serum bilirubin; f: HR adjusted by serum albumin, serum bilirubin, INR, serum ammonia; g: HR adjusted by age, serum albumin, serum bilirubin, INR, presence of ascites at baseline. Abbreviations. ESI: erector spine index, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, INR: international normalized ratio

ISSN: 1471-230X