Table 1 Characteristics of training and validation cohorts

Gender (n, %)

0.35

 Male

371 (54.6% )

135 (50.9%)

 Female

309 (45.4%)

130 (49.1%)

Age (years)

40.35 ± 12.57

40.72 ± 12.43

0.62

BMI (kg/m²)

22.51 ± 2.56

22.28 ± 2.43

0.34

Smoker (n, %)

0.49

 No

411 (60.4% )

153 (57.7%)

 Yes

269 (39.6%)

112 (42.3%)

Alcohol consumption

0.48

 No

517 (76.0%)

295 (73.6%)

 Yes

163 (24.0%)

70 (26.4%)

Family history of gastric cancer (n, %)

0.99

 No

633 (93.1%)

247 (93.2%)

 Yes

47 (6.9%)

18 (6.8%)

Multi-person households (n, %)

0.60

 No

30 (4.4%)

9 (3.4%)

 Yes

650 (95.6%)

256 (96.6%)

Living with an HP-positive individual (n, %)

 No

224(32.8%)

87 (32.9%)

 Yes

227 (33.4%)

83 (31.3%)

0.59

 Unknown

229 (33.7%)

95 (35.8%)

0.57

Use of serving chopsticks (n, %)

0.83

 No

520 (76.5%)

205 (77.4%)

 Yes

160 (23.5%)

60 (22.6%)

Tea drinking (n, %)

0.95

 No

128 (18.8%)

51 (19.2%)

 Yes

552 (81.2%)

214 (80.8%)

Number of years (n, %)

 0 year

126 (18.5%)

50 (18.9%)

 0–5 years

80 (11.8%)

29 (10.9%)

0.80

 ≥ 5 years

474 (69.7%)

186 (70.2%)

0.94

Number of days per week to drink tea (n, %)

 0 day

129 (18.9%)

50(18.9%)

 0–3 days

34(5.0%)

14 (5.3%)

0.98

 4–6 days

27 (4.0%)

8 (3.0%)

0.61

 7 days

490 (72.1%)

193 (72.8%)

0.87

Number of times per day to drink tea (n, %)

0.89

 0 time

134 (18.6%)

50 (18.8%)

 0–3 times

298 (43.8%)

117 (44.2%)

0.98

 > 3 times

256 (37.6%)

98 (37.0%)

0.90

Using sharing cup (n, %)

0.40

 No

250 (36.8%)

89 (33.6%)

 Yes

430 (63.22%)

176 (66.4%)

Drinking hot tea (n, %)

0.99

 No

420 (61.8%)

163 (61.5%)

 Yes

260 (38.2%)

102 (38.5%)

Infection status of co-drinkers (n, %)

0.95

 No

161 (23.7%)

66 (24.9%)

 Yes

13 (1.9%)

3 (1.1%)

 Unknown

506 (74.4%)

196 (74.0%)