Table 4 Prevalence of vomiting and nausea after acute gluten exposure in treated celiac disease patients
Country, year | Patients | Females | Current age, yr | Duration of GFD, yr | Vomiting | Nausea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean ± SD or Median (Q1, Q3 or range) | Mean ± SD or Median (Q1, Q3 or range) | % | % | |
Gluten challenge: 10–14 g per day in bread or porridge for 3 days | ||||||
Current study | 74 | 75 | 54 (39,63) | 7 (3,14) | 7 | 12 |
Spain, 2018 [33] | 15 | 60 | 28 ± 4 | 4 ± 2 | ND | 13 |
Gluten challenge: 6 g of single gluten bolus | ||||||
Multicentera, 2020 [9] | 295 | 69 | 43 ± 15 | 6 (3,10)b | 21 | 61 |
Australia, 2020 [12] | 36 | 69 | 42 (34,54) | 5 (2,8)b | 44 | 61 |
Australia, 2019 [13] | 25 | 88 | 39 ± 16 | 4 (1–20) | 24 | 40 |
Gluten challenge: 3 g gluten in single suspension | ||||||
USA, 2022 [34] | 20 | 75 | 49 (37, 56) | 7 (6, 11) | ND | 30 |
Gluten challenge: 2–3 g per day in biscuit or bread for 6 weeks | ||||||
USA, 2022 [35]c | 22 | 67 | 45 | ND | 8 | 21 |
Finland, 2021 [36] | 38 | 74 | 43 ± 14 | ND | 21 | 18 |
USA, 2013 [37] | 43 | 66 | 50 ± 10 | 6 ± 5 | ND | 19 |
Finland, 2014 [38] | 21 | 81 | 50 (19–71) | 12 (1–39) | 14 | 19 |