Prevalence of vomiting and nausea and associated factors after chronic and acute gluten exposure in celiac disease

Table 1 Comparison of clinical, serological, and histological parameters and HLA distribution between celiac disease patients with and without vomiting after chronic gluten exposure at celiac disease diagnosis (n = 815)

	Vomiting at diagnosis
	Yes, n = 28	No, n = 787	P value
Females, %	89	77	0.127
Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), years	44 (34, 53)	38 (30, 52)	0.182
Year of diagnosis, median (IQR)	2000 (1994, 2004)	1995 (1988, 2004)	0.085
Other symptoms at diagnosis, %
Abdominal pain	71	49	0.021
Diarrhea	61	40	0.031
Weight loss	36	17	0.019
Arthralgia	7	5	0.643
Anemia	22	24	0.874
Dermatological symptoms	4	14	0.161
Clinical features at diagnosis, %			0.002
Gastrointestinal	96	65
Extraintestinal	0	21
Screen-detected	4	14
Duration of symptoms, years, %			0.018
< 1	36	20
1–5	18	35
6–10	0	11
> 10	46	34
Any symptoms in childhood, %	61	33	0.002
Severity of villous atrophy at diagnosis, %			0.670
Partial	37	35
Subtotal	44	39
Total	19	26
EmA at diagnosis, median (IQR), titer^a	1:50 (1:10, 1:100)	1:50 (1:200, 1:500)	0.192
High-risk HLA^b, %	30	22	0.369
Family history for celiac disease^c, %	75	65	0.256
Comorbidities, %
Type 1 diabetes	0	2	1.000
Thyroid disease	18	14	0.585
Other gastrointestinal disease^d	21	18	0.614

Data were available on > 75% patients in each variable, except in ^an = 175; ^bDQ2.5/2.5 or DQ2.5/2.2; ^cFirst-degree relatives; ^dE.g. inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux
Values in bold face denote statistical significance
EmA Endomysial antibodies, HLA Human leukocyte antigen, IQR Interquartile range

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