Table 3 Factors associated with various outcomes [Odds Ratio (95% CI)]

Age

 0–12 years

─^b

─

─

─

─

 13-above:

─

─

─

─

─

Race/ethnicity

 NH-White

─

ref^a

─

─

─

 NH-Black

─

0.17 (0.01–1.08)

─

─

─

 Hispanic

─

0.56 (0.23–1.28)

─

─

─

 Others

─

─

─

─

─

Outpatient Setting

 Academic

–

ref

ref

ref

–

 Community

–

0.13 (0.02–0.06)

5.26 (1.68–16.28)

2.16 (0.72–10.59)

–

Cardinal symptoms

 Abdominal pain

–

–

–

3.59 (1.12–7.24)

–

 Nausea and vomiting

0.46 (0.23–0.91)

–

–

–

0.42 (0.17–0.97)

Weight loss/Failure to thrive

 No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Yes

1.72 (0.86- 3.51)

3.17 (1.41–7.35)

0.38 (0.11–1.09)

0.54 (0.14–1.68)

1.28 (0.49- 3.18)

Route of nutrition

 Full oral

ref

–

–

ref

ref

 Oral and tube feedings

0.26 (0.05–0.97)

–

–

–

1.98 (0.13- 6.63)

 All tube feedings

1.31 (0.12- 2.98)

–

–

2.38 (0.17- 25.21)

4.05 (0.17- 6.87)