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Table 4 Association of clinical and histopathological characteristics with H. pylori virulence genes

From: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori genotypes: cagA, vacA (m1), vacA (s1), babA2, dupA, iceA1, oipA and their association with gastrointestinal diseases. A cross-sectional study in Quito-Ecuador

Genes

Prevalence

Clinical Characteristics

Histopathological Characteristics

Gastric Ulcer

Duodenal Ulcer

Acute inflammation

Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia

Gastric Atrophy

Gastric intestinal metaplasia

 

(%)

OR (95%CI)

cagA

31.9

0.22 (0.05–0.98)

1.60 (0.63–4.07)

4.96 (1.10–22.41)

2.19 (1.06–4.52)

1.02 (0.45–2.34)

1.23 (0.53–2.85)

vacA (m1)

48.9

0.57 (0.21–1.53)

1.31 (0.52–3.25)

2.53 (0.91–7.03)

1.21 (0.61–2.39)

1.10 (0.50–2.39)

2.71 (1.17–6.30)

vacA (s1)

70.9

0.87 (0.31–2.48)

0.86 (0.32–2.29)

1.38 (0.51–3.75)

1.29 (0.60–2.75)

1.80 (0.77–4.19)

1.53 (0.60–3.90)

vacA (s1m1)

41.8

0.60 (0.21–1.69)

1.48 (0.59–3.68)

2.42 (0.82–7.06)

1.34 (0.68–2.67)

1.02 (0.47–2.21)

2.33 (1.03–5.24)

iceA1

14.9

0.28 (0.04–2.25)

1.89 (0.61–5.85)

3.76 (0.48–29.74)

3.13 (1.20–8.16)

0.33 (0.12–0.91)

0.55 (0.15–2.00)

dupA

48.9

1.96 (0.72–5.30)

1.63 (0.65–4.09)

0.59 (0.23–1.56)

1.07 (0.54–2.11)

0.76 (0.35–1.66)

1.90 (0.84–4.29)

babA2

70.2

0.25 (0.09–0.67)

2.11 (0.67–6.67)

2.78 (1.06–7.30)

2.56 (1.14–5.77)

0.43 (0.17–1.09)

0.86 (0.37–2.03)

oipA

93.6

1.26 (0.15–10.71)

1.51 (0.18–12.74)

1.81 (0.35–9.41)

-

2.36 (0.56–10.02)

2.35 (0.28–19.57)

cagA/oipA

31.2

0.22 (0.05–1.02)

1.66 (0.65–4.24)

4.78 (1.06–21.62)

2.32 (1.12–4.84)

1.16 (0.50–2.69)

1.28 (0.55–2.98)

cagA/vacA (s1m1)

22.7

0.36 (0.08–1.65)

2.89 (1.10–7.58)

-

2.21 (0.99–4.91)

1.00 (0.41–2.48)

0.99 (0.38–2.57)

  1. Abbreviations: H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori)
  2. OR Odds ratios was performed to determine the association between gastric pathologies and H. pylori virulence genes
  3. %, represent the percentage of each gene present in the patients
  4. 95% CI 95% Confidence interval
  5. Bold values denote a statistically significant result at the p < 0.05 level