Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori genotypes: cagA, vacA (m1), vacA (s1), babA2, dupA, iceA1, oipA and their association with gastrointestinal diseases. A cross-sectional study in Quito-Ecuador

Table 3 Clinical and Histopathological characteristics of the patients

Variable	Clinical Characteristics						Histopathological characteristics
Variable	Peptic ulcer n(%)^†	p-value^‡	Gastric ulcer n(%)	p -value	Duodenal ulcer n(%)	p -value	Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia n(%)	p -value	Gastric atrophy n(%)	p -value	Gastric intestinal metaplasia n(%)	p -value	Gastric cancer n(%)	p -value
All	50(22.2)		26(11.6)		31(13.8)		71(31.6)		138(61.3)		65(28.9)		8(3.6)
Sex
Female	19(16.7)	0.042	13(11.4)	0.942	8(7.0)	0.003	40(35.1)	0.248	71(62.3)	0.288	35(30.7)	0.543	4(3.5)	0.969
Male	31(27.9)	0.042	13(11.7)	0.942	23(20.7)	0.003	31(27.9)	0.248	67(60.4)	0.288	30(27.0)	0.543	4(3.6)	0.969
Age (years)
< 40	11(15.3)	0.034	4(5.6)	0.013	8(11.1)	0.378	36(50.0)	< 0.001	33(45.8)	0.011	9(12.5)	0.001	1(1.4)	0.334
40–50	6(14.6)		2(4.9)		4(9.8)		15(36.6)		26(63.4)		13(37.1)		1(2.4)
> 50	33(29.5)		20(17.9)		19(17.0)		20(17.9)		79(70.5)		43(38.4)		6(5.4)
Education
Low Level	48(24.9)	0.019	26(13.5)	0.027	29(15.0)	0.182	56(29.0)	0.044	120(62.2)	0.548	61(31.6)	0.027	7(3.6)	0.887
High Level	2(6.3)	0.019	0(0.0)	0.027	2(6.3)	0.182	15(46.9)	0.044	18(56.3)	0.548	4(12.5)	0.027	1(3.1)	0.887
Ethnicities^§
Mestizo	43(20.7)	0.097	23(11.1)	0.118	26(12.5)	0.484	66(31.7)	0.628	132(63.5)	0.209	61(29.3)	0.808	6(2.9)	0.013
Indigenous	1(50.0)		1(50.0)		0(0.0)		0(0.0)		1(50.0)		1(50.0)		0(0.0)
Afro-American	2(66.7)		1(33.3)		1(33.3)		1(33.3)		1(33.3)		1(33.3)		1(33.3)

^†n(%), represents the number (percentage) of patients with the conditions
^‡All p-values were performed by chi-square test to determine the differences between sociodemographic variables and clinical/histopathological outcomes. Bold values denote a statistically significant result at the p < 0.05 level
^§Ethnicities variable included n = 213(100), the remaining 12 did not answer the question

ISSN: 1471-230X