Table 4 Comparisons of clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes according to the three time periods in patients with non-B non-C –HCC
Variable | Period 1 1990–2000 (n = 33) | Period 2 2001–2010 (n = 71) | Period 3 2011–2020 (n = 112) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period 1 vs. Period 3 | Period 2 vs. Period 3 | ||||
Host-related factors | |||||
Age, years | 63 (33–80) | 71 (41–88) | 72 (41–89) | < 0.001 | 0.702 |
Sex, male/female | 26/7 | 60/11 | 87/25 | 0.892 | 0.252 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23 (18–30) | 23 (14–36) | 23 (13–45) | 0.580 | 0.807 |
HT | 4 (12.1) | 19 (26.8) | 33 (29.5) | < 0.001 | 0.088 |
DM | 10 (30.3) | 30 (42.3) | 62 (55.4) | 0.017 | 0.096 |
Dyslipidemia | 4 (12.1) | 7 (9.9) | 23 (20.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Heavy drinking | 19 (57.6) | 40 (56.3) | 75 (67.0) | 0.407 | 0.160 |
Smoking | 22 (66.7) | 46 (64.8) | 71 (63.4) | 0.712 | 0.881 |
Serum Alb, g/dl | 4.0 (3.3–4.7) | 3.8 (3.0–4.5) | 4.0 (2.8–5.2) | 0.723 | 0.055 |
Serum AST, IU/L | 38 (10–139) | 33 (13–89) | 33 (12–142) | 0.096 | 0.856 |
Serum ALT, IU/L | 33 (8–95) | 34 (9–118) | 35 (8–215) | 0.445 | 0.635 |
Serum T.bil, mg/dl | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.7 (0.4–2.1) | 0.8 (0.3–2.8) | 0.823 | 0.056 |
Serum Cre, mg/dl | 0.7 (0.0–11.6) | 0.8 (0.4–2.3) | 0.8 (0.4–11.5) | 0.051 | 0.068 |
Prothrombin time, % | 87 (50–119) | 94 (32–130) | 86 (61–119) | 0.453 | < 0.001 |
Platelet count, 104/ml | 14.9 (4.4–34.7) | 16.5 (7.7–34.2) | 16.3 (4.1–41.4) | 0.734 | 0.114 |
Fib 4 index | 4.0 (0.4–14.5) | 2.4 (1.2–5.1) | 2.6 (0.6–10.7) | 0.224 | 0.352 |
ICGR15, % | 13 (4–52) | 14 (4–89) | 10 (3–46) | 0.006 | 0.006 |
AFP, ng/ml | 12 (26–909,940) | 88 (0–1,868,000) | 66 (10–717,890) | 0.001 | 0.893 |
DCP, mAU/ml | 32 (10–34,700) | 121 (10–255,600) | 86 (12–102,283) | < 0.001 | 0.419 |
Child–Pugh classification | 0.308 | 0.843 | |||
A | 33 (100.0) | 70 (98.6) | 110 (98.2) | ||
B | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (1.8) | ||
Tumor factors | |||||
Primary tumor | 0.117 | 0.911 | |||
T1-2 | 33 (100.0) | 65 (91.6) | 102 (91.1) | ||
T3-4 | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.4) | 10 (8.9) | ||
Tumor size, cm | 4.0 (1.1–20) | 4.4 (1.3–15.0) | 3.7 (0.5–16.5) | 0.246 | 0.056 |
Tumor number | 0.224 | 0.910 | |||
Single | 29 (87.9) | 54 (76.1) | 86 (76.8) | ||
Multiple | 4 (12.1) | 17 (23.9) | 26 (23.2) | ||
Fc-inf | 23 (69.7) | 13 (18.3) | 17 (15.2) | < 0.001 | 0.683 |
Portal vein invasion | 6 (18.2) | 6 (8.5) | 3 (2.7) | 0.005 | 0.092 |
Hepatic vein invasion | 4 (12.1) | 4 (5.6) | 4 (3.6) | 0.079 | 0.713 |
Bile duct invasion | 1 (3.0) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.228 | 0.388 |
Intrahepatic metastasis | 11 (33.3) | 8 (11.3) | 8 (7.1) | < 0.001 | 0.422 |
Edmondson-Steiner grade | 0.671 | 0.094 | |||
1 or 2 | 24 (72.7) | 56 (78.9) | 75 (67.0) | ||
3 or 4 | 9 (27.3) | 15 (21.1) | 37 (23.0) | ||
Fibrosis stage a | 0.003 | 0.142 | |||
F0-3 | 15 (45.5) | 60 (84.5) | 84 (75.0) | ||
F4 | 18 (54.6) | 11 (15.5) | 28 (25.0) | ||
Surgical factors | |||||
Operation time, min | 415 (247–1045) | 397 (106–846) | 365 (82–798) | 0.023 | 0.241 |
Blood loss, mL | 868 (200–3600) | 450 (19–5500) | 400 (0–6600) | < 0.001 | 0.062 |
Intraoperative PRBC | 6 (18.2) | 7 (9.9) | 11 (9.8) | 0.220 | 0.993 |
Resected liver weight, g | 200 (15–2270) | 164 (14–1491) | 152 (2–1655) | 0.382 | 0.500 |
Procedure | 0.418 | 0.999 | |||
Anatomical resection | 18 (54.5) | 45 (63.4) | 71 (63.4) | ||
Non- anatomical resection | 15 (45.5) | 26 (36.6) | 41 (36.6) | ||
Surgical margin, mm | 1.0 (0.0–18.0) | 3.0 (0.0–25.0) | 3.0 (0.0–60.0) | 0.002 | 0.317 |
Total bilirubin max, mg/dl | 1.6 (0.6–12.9) | 1.5 (0.6–4.1) | 1.5 (0.6–36.6) | 0.825 | 0.670 |
PHLF | < 0.001 | 0.098 | |||
Grade A | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.6) | 21 (18.8) | ||
Grade B | 9 (27.3) | 5 (7.0) | 5 (4.5) | ||
Major complication b | 10 (30.3) | 13 (18.1) | 22 (19.6) | 0.233 | 0.850 |
Postoperative hospital stay, days | 24 (14–107) | 21 (9–105) | 12 (4–76) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Mortality | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.999 | 0.999 |