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Table 2 Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma

From: Clinical characteristics, prognosis, and surgical outcomes of patients with non-HBV and non-HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma: three-decade observational study

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR

95% CI

P value

HR

95% CI

P value

Age > 70 years

1.01

0.69–1.47

0.961

-

  

Gender (male)

1.27

0.76–2.13

0.370

-

  

BMI > 22 kg/m2

0.71

0.48–1.06

0.094

-

  

HT (yes)

1.02

0.59–1.74

0.951

-

  

DM (yes)

1.23

0.85–1.80

0.271

-

  

Dyslipidemia (yes)

0.72

0.17–2.96

0.645

-

  

Heavy drinking (yes)

0.87

0.59–1.27

0.469

-

  

Smoking (yes)

1.23

0.83–1.83

0.309

-

  

Serum ALT > 40 IU/L

1.34

0.92–1.96

0.127

-

  

Fib 4 score > 2.67

1.31

0.90–1.91

0.156

-

  

Platelet count < 8.0 × 104/ml

1.16

0.58–2.29

0.677

-

  

ICGR15 > 10%

1.55

0.99–2.40

0.053

-

  

AFP > 100 ng/ml

1.50

1.03–2.18

0.036

1.14

0.76–1.72

0.516

DCP > 40 mIU/ml

1.69

1.10–2.60

0.016

1.64

1.05–2.57

0.029

Primary tumor 3–4 (vs. 1–2)

1.40

0.70–2.77

0.339

-

  

Tumor number (multiple)

1.82

1.19–2.80

0.006

1.27

0.77–2.09

0.342

Tumor size > 5 cm

1.20

0.81–1.76

0.361

-

  

Fc-inf (yes)

1.39

0.92–2.08

0.115

-

  

Portal vein invasion (yes)

1.89

1.01–3.55

0.047

1.47

0.72–3.00

0.284

Hepatic vein invasion (yes)

1.50

0.65–3.42

0.339

-

  

IM (yes)

2.59

1.59–4.22

 < 0.001

1.66

0.90–3.05

0.103

Edmondson-Steiner grade 3 or 4 (vs. 1 or 2)

1.73

1.13–2.63

0.011

1.65

1.03–2.62

0.035

 Fibrosis stage 4 (vs. 0–3) a

1.19

0.79–1.79

0.411

-

  

 Operation time > 480 min

1.94

1.30–2.92

0.001

2.15

1.39–3.32

 < 0.001

 Blood loss > 500 ml

1.30

0.89–1.89

0.172

-

  

 Inflow occlusion time > 60 min

0.97

0.67–1.42

0.889

-

  

 Non-anatomical resection

1.77

1.44–2.95

0.024

1.79

1.16–2.75

0.009

 Surgical margin < 1 mm

1.71

1.12–2.61

0.013

1.05

0.63–1.76

0.844

 Major complication b

1.73

1.11–2.69

0.015

1.64

1.03–2.61

0.038

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, HT hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus; non-B non-C, non-HBV, non-HCV; ALT alanine aminotransferase, Fib 4 fibrosis-4, ICGR15 indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min, AFP α-fetoprotein, DCP des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, Fc-inf frequency of tumor invasion to capsular formation, IM intrahepatic metastasis, PRBC packed red blood cells
  2. a According to the Shin-Inuyama classification
  3. b Major complications refer to grade III or IV events according to the Clavien–Dindo classification