Table 1 Patient characteristics

Sex (male/female), n

26/14

Age (median, range)

71 (51–83)

 Primary disease, n

 Pancreatic cancer

21

 IPMN

7

 Cholangiocarcinoma

3

 Duodenal papillary cancer

2

 Neuroendocrine tumor

2

 others

5

Surgical reconstruction, n

 PD with modified Child's method

30

 PD with others

4

 Choledochojejunostomy with R-Y

6

The median time from surgery to first endoscopic treatment,　month (range)

11.1 (0.8–97.5)

Clinical symptoms or abnormal findings of laboratory data (overlapping cases), n

 elevation of liver enzyme

38

 fever

29

 jaundice

5

 abdominal pain

1

Technical success, n

37/40 (93%)

 failure of scope insertion

2

 failure of finding anastomosis site

1

Rescue treatment for technical failure, n

 PTBD rendezvous

2

 conservative treatment

1

Clinical success, n

37/37 (100%)