Table 2 Basic characteristic of the control and case groups

Age (year)^a

58.2 ± 10.4

57.7 ± 10.4

0.746

BMI (kg/m²)^a

27.6 ± 4.2

26.6 ± 4.2

0.362

Waist circumference (cm)^a

95.4 ± 11.2

95.4 ± 11.9

0.904

Physical activity (MET-h/day)^a

36.8 ± 3.6

36.7 ± 4.8

0.932

Income (dollar)^b

393.0 (253.0)

402.0 (302.0)

0.206

Energy (kcal/day)^a

2262.3 ± 450.1

2255.2 ± 341.2

0.908

Total OBS^b

12.0 (3.0)

14.0 (3.0)

<0.001

DPI (energy %)^b

19.8 (16.0)

26.9 (17.0)

0.006

Whole grains (kcal/day)^b

120.4 (218.8)

180.9 (274.1)

0.100

Nuts (kcal/day)^b

12.4 (21.2)

18.0 (32.6)

0.122

Legumes (kcal/day)^b

39.6 (38.8)

40.3 (43.9)

0.745

Seeds (kcal/day)^b

13.3 (18.3)

12.1 (18.3)

0.376

Vegetables (kcal/day)^b

66.6 (41.6)

81.0 (47.5)

0.001

Fruits (kcal/day)^b

128.7 (107.5)

160.4 (154.0)

0.015

SFA (g/day)^b

18.3 (4.3)

28.6 (6.6)

0.033

PUFA (g/day)^b

13.4 (1.2)

9.9 (1.9)

<0.001

Iron (mg/day)^b

18.1 (5.2)

17.1 (5.4)

0.143

Fiber (g/day)^a

18.9 ± 2.3

20.4 ± 3.1

<0.001

Vitamin E (mg/day/day)^b

14.6 (1.3)

12.0 (1.8)

<0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day/day)^b

104.0 (28.8)

132.7 (27.1)

<0.001

Vitamin B₉ (µg/day)^a

480.1 ± 115.0

482.6 ± 93.1

0.863

Beta-carotene (mcg/day)^b

1099.0 (300.0)

1032.0 (434.1)

0.012

Zinc (mg/day)^a

9.8 ± 2.2

10.1 ± 1.8

0.278

Selenium (mg/day)^b

56.0 (3.0)

56.0 (3.0)

0.711

Smoking^c

0.164

 Never

57 (80.2)

101 (70.1)

 Former

8 (11.3)

15 (10.6)

 Current

6 (8.5)

26 (18.3)

Common ways of preparing vegetables^c

0.083

 Raw / Fresh

29 (40.8)

78 (54.9)

 Boiled

8 (11.3)

18 (12.7)

 Fried, Fried / Freezed

34 (47.9)

46 (32.4)

History of CRC^c

0.017

 Yes

7 (9.9)

3 (2.1)

 No

64 (90.1)

139 (97.9)

Aspirin^c

0.016

 Yes

1 (1.4)

14 (9.9)

 No

70 (98.6)

128 (90.1)

Acetaminophen^c

0.004

 Yes

4 (5.6)

28 (19.7)

 No

67 (94.4)

114 (80.3)