Table 1 Characteristics of Subjects

Age, mean ± SD

54 ± 13.01

53 ± 12.48

55 ± 13.69

0.306

Age, n (%)

< 60 years

75 (64.7)

45 (67.2)

30 (61.2)

-

≥ 60 years

41 (35.3)

22 (32.8)

19 (38.8)

0.662

Sex, n (%)

Female

32 (27.6)

18 (26.9)

14 (28.6)

-

Male

84 (72.4)

49 (73.1)

35 (71.4)

0.971

Comorbidity

Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)

No

83 (71.6)

46 (68.7)

37 (75.5)

-

Yes

33 (28.4)

21 (31.3)

12 (24.5)

0.549

Hypertension, n (%)

No

100 (86.2)

56 (83.6)

44 (89.8)

-

Yes

16 (13.8)

11 (16.4)

5 (10.2)

0.493

Acute Kidney Injury, n (%)

No

110 (94.8)

63 (94.0)

47 (95.9)

-

Yes

6 (5.2)

4 (6.0)

2 (4.1)

0.977

Chronic Kidney Disease, n (%)

No

110 (94.8)

64 (95.5)

46 (93.9)

-

Yes

6 (5.2)

3 (4.5)

3 (6.1)

1.000

Stroke, n (%)

No

113 (97.4)

65 (97.0)

48 (98.0)

-

Yes

3 (2.6)

2 (3.0)

1 (2.0)

1.000

Etiology, n (%)

Unspecified NBNC

7 (6)

4 (6)

3 (6.1)

-

Autoimmune

2 (1.7)

1 (1.5)

1 (2)

0.858

Alcoholic

4 (3.4)

3 (4.5)

1 (2)

0.558

MAFLD

24 (20.7)

17 (25.4)

7 (14.3)

0.499

NASH

2 (1.7)

2 (3.0)

0 (0)

0.999

Primary biliary cirrhosis

5 (4.3)

1 (1.5)

4 (8.2)

0.216

HBV

39 (33.6)

24 (35.8)

15 (30.6)

0.826

HCV

33 (28.4)

15 (22.4)

18 (36.7)

0.576

Child-Pugh score, mean ± SD

8 ± 2.73

7 ± 2.05

11 ± 2.05

< 0.001

Child-Pugh class, n (%)

A

31 (26.7)

30 (44.8)

1 (2.0)

-

B

36 (31.0)

26 (38.8)

10 (20.4)

0.027

C

49 (42.2)

11 (16.4)

38 (77.6)

< 0.001

MELD score, mean ± SD

18 ± 9.73

12 ± 5.09

26 ± 8.69

< 0.001

MELD, n (%)

< 14

51 (44.0)

46 (68.7)

5 (10.2)

-

≥ 14

65 (56.0)

21 (31.3)

44 (89.8)

< 0.001

AST, U/L, median (min-max)

53 (12–1927)

43 (12–226)

72 (25–1927)

< 0.001

ALT, U/L, median (min-max)

32 (6–509)

26 (9–121)

39 (6–509)

0.049

Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean ± SD

9.53 ± 2.15

9.82 ± 2.20

9.12 ± 2.03

0.084

Platelet, x 10³/mm³, mean ± SD

110.1 ± 70.83

106 ± 63.07

114 ± 80.71

0.541

Leukocytes, x 10³/mm³, median (min-max)

8.1 (1.2–55.9)

5.1 (1.2–39.0)

15.1 (1.6–55.9)

< 0.001

Leukocytes, n (%)

< 12.000

81 (69.8)

61 (91)

20 (40.8)

-

≥ 12.000

35 (30.2)

6 (9)

29 (59.2)

< 0.001

Albumin

2.66 (1.22–4.17)

2.94 (1.79–4.17)

2.43 (1.22–3.44)

< 0.001

Bilirubin

2.16 (0.36–38.36)

2.1 (0.4–15.6)

6.6 (0.4–38.4)

< 0.001

Protrombin time

13.4 (10.6–120.0)

12.7 (10.6–16.5)

15.9 (10.9–120.0)

< 0.001

INR

1.26 (0.96–11.76)

1.21 (0.96–1.53)

1.47 (1.04–11.76)

< 0.001

Ureum

48.6 (9.6–458)

31 (9.6–162)

83 (24–458)

< 0.001

Creatinine

0.9 (0.28–8.10)

0.9 (0.4–3.6)

1.2 (0.3–8.1)

< 0.001

Length of stay

6 (1–34) days

6 (1–26) days

7 (1–34) days

0.586

Hospitalized within 30 days, n (%)

No

113 (97.4)

67 (100)

46 (93.6)

-

Yes

3 (2.6)

0 (0)

3 (6.1)

0.073

Cause of first hospitalization

Variceal bleeding, n (%)

No

74 (63.8)

43 (64.2)

31 (63.3)

-

Yes

42 (36.2)

24 (35.8)

18 (36.7)

1.000

Jaundice, n (%)

No

88 (75.9)

62 (92.5)

26 (53.1)

-

Yes

28 (24.1)

5 (7.5)

23 (46.9)

< 0.001

Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%)

No

72 (62.1)

54 (80.6)

18 (36.7)

-

Grade 1–2

19 (16.4)

7 (10.4)

12 (24.5)

0.003

Grade 3–4

25 (21.6)

6 (9.0)

19 (38.8)

< 0.001

Ascites, n (%)

No

66 (56.9)

50 (74.6)

16 (32.7)

-

Mild

6 (5.2)

4 (6.0)

2 (4.1)

0.625

Massive

44 (37.9)

13 (19.4)

31 (63.3)

< 0.001