Table 1 Background characteristics of the study participants according to Fatty Liver Index (FLI) category

Age (years)

45.78 ± 7.80

45.65 ± 7.97

46.04 ± 7.46

0.04

Sex, n (%)

 Male

3687(51.83)

2416(51.87)

1271(51.75)

0.925

 Female

3427(48.17)

2242(48.13)

1185(48.25)

Residency, n (%)

 Urban

4227(59.42)

2645(56.78)

1582(64.41)

< 0.001

 Rural

2887(40.58)

2013(43.22)

874(35.59)

Marital status, n (%)

 Married

6407(90.06)

4110(88.24)

2297(93.53)

< 0.001

 Single

380(5.34)

318(6.83)

62(2.52)

 Divorced and other

92(1.29)

72(1.54)

20(0.81)

Socio-economic status, n (%)

 Weak

2284(32.11)

1602(34.39)

682(27.78)

< 0.001

 Moderate

2342(32.93)

1526(32.76)

816(33.24)

 Good

2487(34.96)

1530(32.85)

957(38.98)

Physical activity (Met h/day)

 Low

2017(28.35)

1178(25.29)

839(34.16)

< 0.001

 Moderate

3340(46.95)

2167(46.52)

1173(47.76)

 High

1757(24.70)

1313(28.19)

444(18.08)

Alcohol use, n (%)

375 (5.27)

231(4.96)

144(5.86)

0.105

Body Mass Index, kg/m²

27.04 ± 4.56

24.91 ± 3.31

31.09 ± 3.82

< 0.001

Waist Hip Ratio

0.93 ± 0.06

0.91 ± 0.05

0.98 ± 0.05

< 0.001

Waist Circumference, cm

96.20 ± 10.39

91.44 ± 8.09

105.22 ± 8.03

< 0.001

Skeletal Muscle Mass, kg

26.83 ± 5.80

25.75 ± 5.40

28.89 ± 5.97

< 0.001

Visceral Fat Area, cm²

115.67 ± 50.47

95.31 ± 39.91

154.29 ± 45.42

< 0.001

Fasting blood sugar, mg/dL

89.90 ± 9.49

88.44 ± 8.76

92.67 ± 10.18

< 0.001

Triglycerides, mg/dL

131.40 ± 75.84

105.55 ± 49.05

180.43 ± 91.80

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

183.91 ± 36.86

177.73 ± 35.15

195.62 ± 37.19

< 0.001

Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, mg/dL

111.20 ± 30.76

108.59 ± 29.79

116.14 ± 31.93

< 0.001

High density lipoprotein-cholesterol, mg/dL

46.46 ± 11.26

48.06 ± 11.38

43.44 ± 10.38

< 0.001

Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L

24.88 ± 15.07

21.94 ± 11.57

30.46 ± 18.89

< 0.001

Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L

21.50 ± 9.05

20.73 ± 8.14

22.94 ± 10.41

< 0.001

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase, IU/L

23.61 ± 18.78

18.90 ± 10.18

32.52 ± 26.52

< 0.001

Depression drug use, n%

127(1.79)

75(1.61)

52(2.12)

0.125

Dyslipidemia, n%

2899(40.75)

1446(31.04)

1453(59.16)

< 0.001