Table 1 Basic characteristic of included studies
Study | Country | Research design | Objective | Sample(Exp VS. Con) | Age(Year) | Gender(Male/Female) | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maragkoudaki 2018 [13] | Greece | RCT,double-blind | Treatment | 28 | 1.7 ± 0.7 years | 21/7 | 10(8)CFU + ORS,5 days | No diarrhea(13/28, day 1), (18/28, day 2), (20/28, day 3), (19/28, day 4), (26/28, day 5); Watery stool(1.6, 1.2–2.0)days; Soft stool(4.0, 3.2–4.8)days |
23 | 1.8 ± 0.7 years | 16/7 | Placebo(ORS) | No diarrhea (12/23,day 1), (13/23,day 2), (13/23,day 3), (17/28,day 4), (16/23,day 5); Watery stool(2.1,1.4–2.7)days; Soft stool(4.5, 3.5–5.5)days | ||||
Finland | RCT,double-blind | Treatment | 19 | 16.8 ± 8.1momths | NA | 10(10)-10(11)CFU daily,5 days | Diarrhea(16, day 1), (5, day 2), (2, day 3), (3, day 4), (2, day 5), (2, day 6); Watery stool(1.7 ± 1.6)days | |
21 | 16.3 ± 9.5 months | NA | Placebo (nonfat dry milk powder) | Diarrhea(21, day 1), (17, day 2), (11, day 3), (6, day 4), (3, day 5), (3, day 6); Watery stool(2.9 ± 2.3)days | ||||
Dinleyici 2015 [15] | Turkey | RCT,single-blind | Treatment | 29 | 27.9 ± 18.2 months | 20/9 | 10(8)CFU + ORS,5 days | Diarrhea: (OR = 0.86,0.74–1.01, day 1), (OR = 0.51,0.34–0.79, day 2), (OR = 1.34,0.40–4.50, day 3); duration of diarrhea (60.4 ± 24.5 h) |
31 | 22.6 ± 14.4 months | 22/9 | Placebo(ORS) | Duration of diarrhea (74.3 ± 15.3 h) | ||||
Francavilla 2012 [16] | Italy | RCT,double-blind | Treatment | 35 | 26.1 ± 4.1 months | 23/14 | 4 × 10(8)CFU daily;7 days | Diarrhea(31, day 1), (19, day 2), (16, day 3), (14, day 4), (9, day 5), (2, day 6), (0, day 7); Watery stool (2.1 ± 1.7 days); Recurrence rate: 15% |
34 | 25.4 ± 2.1 months | 22/15 | Placebo (mixture of sunflower oil and medium-chain triglyceride oil) | Diarrhea(34, day 1), (28, day 2), (25, day 3), (17, day 4), (11, day 5), (3, day 6), (1, day 7); Watery stool (3.3 ± 2.1 days); Recurrence rate: 42% | ||||
Pernica 2017 [17] | Botswana | RCT,triple-blind | Treatment | 18 | 0.98 ± 0.71 years | 13/5 | 1 × 10(8)CFU daily;60 days | Recurrence rate(OR = 0.07, 0.01–0.61) |
17 | 1.11 ± 0.76 years | 8/9 | Placebo | |||||
Botswana | RCT,triple-blind | Treatment | 16 | 1.07 ± 0.49 years | 7/9 | 1 × 10(8)CFU daily;60 days | ||
20 | 1.21 ± 0.89 years | 11/9 | Placebo | |||||
Turkey | RCT,single-blind | Treatment | 64 | 3-60 months | NA | 10(8)CFU daily,5 days | No diarrhea(50%, day 2), (69%, day 3) | |
63 | 3-60 months | NA | Placebo | No diarrhea(5%, day 2), (11%, day 3) | ||||
Wanke 2012 [19] | Poland | RCT,double-blind | Prevention | 54 | 1-48 months | NA | 10(8)CFU once daily | Nosocomial diarrhea (RR = 1.06, 0.7–1.5); rotavirus diarrhea (RR = 1.04, 0.6–1.6); diarrhea (RR = 1.26, 0.75–2.14) |
52 | 1-48 months | NA | Placebo | |||||
Urbańska 2016 [20] | Poland | RCT,double-blind | Prevention | 91 | 1-48 months | NA | 10(9)CFU daily | Nosocomial diarrhea(7 vs 6); rotavirus diarrhea (RR = 3.07, 0.13–74.28); diarrhea (RR = 1.12, 0.50–2.52) |
93 | 1-48 months | NA | Placebo (maltodextrin) | |||||
Kolodziej 2019 [21] | Poland | RCT,triple-blind | Prevention | 125 | 25.7 ± 35.2 months | 72/53 | 2 × 10(8)CFU twice daily;2 weeks | Rotavirus diarrhea (RR = 2.02, 0.71–5.73); diarrhea (RR = 1.58, 0.89–2.80); antibiotic-associated diarrhea (RR = 1.76, 0.77–4.05) |
125 | 25.8 ± 33.8 months | 71/54 | Placebo(mixture medium-chain triglycerides, sunflower oil and silicon dioxide) |