Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the MIMIC-IV cohorts
From: Using machine learning methods to predict 28-day mortality in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Variables | MIMIC-IV | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Survival (n = 489) | Death (n = 112) | P Value | |
Demographics | |||
 Age (y), median (Q1, Q3) | 59.00 (51.00,67.00) | 58.00 (52.00,68.00) | 0.771 |
 Male, n (%) | 291 (59.51) | 78 (69.64) | 0.060 |
Race, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.683 |
 Black | 39 (7.98) | 6 (5.36) |  |
 White | 342 (69.94) | 81 (72.32) |  |
 Hispanic | 26 (5.32) | 4 (3.57) |  |
 Asian | 5 (1.02) | 0 (0.00) |  |
 Others | 77 (15.75) | 21 (18.75) |  |
BMI (kg/m2), median (Q1, Q3) | 28.50 (24.40,32.50) | 30.50 (27.15,36.00) | 0.003 |
Causes | |||
 Virus hepatitis | 6 (1.23%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.599 |
 Alcoholic liver disease | 247 (50.51%) | 67 (59.82%) | 0.094 |
 Autoimmune hepatitis | 19 (3.89%) | 4 (3.57%) | 1 |
Coexisting disorders, n (%) | |||
 Myocardial infarction | 16 (3.27) | 4 (3.57) | 0.776 |
 Congestive heart failure | 63 (12.88) | 12 (10.71) | 0.640 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 23 (4.70) | 4 (3.57) | 0.788 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 23 (4.70) | 4 (3.57) | 0.788 |
 Dementia | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.89) | 0.186 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 100 (20.45) | 14 (12.50) | 0.072 |
 Rheumatic disease | 12 (2.45) | 0 (0.00) | 0.136 |
 Peptic ulcer disease | 40 (8.18) | 1 (0.89) | 0.011 |
 Diabetes | 153 (31.29) | 30 (26.79) | 0.412 |
 Paraplegia | 9 (1.84) | 1 (0.89) | 0.697 |
 Renal disease | 91 (18.61) | 21 (18.75) | 1.000 |
 Malignant cancer | 58 (11.86) | 16 (14.29) | 0.586 |
 Metastatic solid tumor | 21 (4.29) | 11 (9.82) | 0.034 |
 AIDS | 3 (0.61) | 0 (0.00) | 1.000 |
 AKI | 272 (55.62%) | 91 (81.25%) |  < 0.001 |
 Ascites | 230 (47.03%) | 64 (57.14%) | 0.068 |
Vital signs (1st 24Â h) | |||
 Temperature (°C), median (Q1, Q3) | 36.80 (36.50,37.00) | 36.60 (36.40,36.90) | 0.007 |
 MAP (mmHg), median (Q1, Q3) | 75.00 (68.00,83.00) | 71.00 (65.00,76.50) |  < 0.001 |
 Heart rate (/min), median (Q1, Q3) | 87.00 (75.00,98.00) | 95.00 (82.00,108.00) |  < 0.001 |
 Respiratory rate (/min), median (Q1, Q3) | 18.00 (16.00,21.00) | 19.00 (17.00,24.00) |  < 0.001 |
Laboratory findings (1st 24Â h) | |||
 RBC (109/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (2.70,3.50) | 2.95 (2.50,3.50) | 0.133 |
 WBC (× 109/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 8.55 (5.80,12.33) | 11.40 (7.35,15.95) |  < 0.001 |
 HGB (g/dl), median (Q1, Q3) | 10.00 (9.00,11.00) | 10.00 (9.00,12.00) | 0.603 |
 PLT (× 109/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 105.00 (69.00,163.00) | 100.00 (63.00,134.25) | 0.132 |
 RDW (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 17.10 (15.40,18.90) | 17.45 (15.78,19.65) | 0.041 |
 HCT (%), median (Q1, Q3) | 29.00 (26.00,33.00) | 29.00 (25.00,33.25) | 0.686 |
 APTT (seconds), median (Q1, Q3) | 39.30 (33.20,49.80) | 45.95 (38.10,57.77) |  < 0.001 |
 PT (s), median (Q1, Q3) | 18.50 (15.70,22.50) | 24.30 (19.55,30.25) |  < 0.001 |
 INR, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.70 (1.40,2.10) | 2.30 (1.80,2.80) |  < 0.001 |
 Bicarbonate (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 23.00 (19.00,25.00) | 21.00 (17.00,24.00) | 0.001 |
 Lactate (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (1.90,5.20) | 4.10 (3.00,8.00) |  < 0.001 |
 BE (mEq/L), median (Q1, Q3) | -1.50 (-5.12;0.59) | -2.94 (-6.00;0.00) | 0.073 |
 Anion gap, median (Q1, Q3) | 14.50 (12.45,17.22) | 17.30 (14.65,22.00) |  < 0.001 |
 Chloride (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 104.00 (99.00,108.00) | 102.00 (96.00,107.00) | 0.002 |
 Calcium (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 9.00 (8.00,9.00) | 9.00 (8.00,9.00) | 0.221 |
 Sodium, (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 137.00 (134.00,141.00) | 136.00 (131.75,141.00) | 0.163 |
 Potassium (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 5.00 (4.00,5.00) | 5.00 (4.00,5.00) | 0.614 |
 Glucose (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 124.00 (103.75,158.00) | 116.00 (95.00,152.00) | 0.043 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.20 (0.80,2.00) | 1.85 (1.20,3.73) |  < 0.001 |
 BUN, mg/dL, median (Q1, Q3) | 28.50 (16.00,49.00) | 42.35 (25.75,63.47) |  < 0.001 |
 TBIL (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.90 (1.80,8.50) | 9.15 (4.20,21.98) |  < 0.001 |
 Albumin (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (2.50,3.40) | 3.00 (2.40,3.30) | 0.394 |
 ALT (U/L) (median (Q1, Q3) | 38.00 (23.00,93.25) | 47.50 (30.75,75.00) | 0.162 |
 AST (U/L) (median (Q1, Q3) | 74.00 (44.00,178.75) | 103.50 (54.00,198.00) | 0.091 |
 ALP (U/L) (median (Q1, Q3) | 102.00 (72.00,157.50) | 110.65 (81.75,167.25) | 0.120 |
 Urine output (ml), median (Q1, Q3) | 1183.00 (701.00,1960.00) | 735.00 (347.25,1403.50) |  < 0.001 |
Therapy strategy (1st 24Â h), n (%) | |||
 Vasopressor, n (%) | 115 (23.52) | 42 (37.50) | 0.004 |
 Ventilation, n (%) | 350 (71.57) | 90 (80.36) | 0.076 |
Scoring system | |||
 SOFA | 8.00 (6.00,11.00) | 12.00 (9.00,15.00) |  < 0.001 |
 MELD | 26.00 (18.00,32.00) | 33.00 (28.00,40.00) |  < 0.001 |
 MELD-Na | 26.00 (16.00,33.00) | 35.00 (26.75,40.00) |  < 0.001 |
 APSIII | 60.00 (46.00,78.00) | 91.00 (69.00,110.25) |  < 0.001 |