Table 3 Breastfeeding and mode of birth
From: Lifestyle factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease: data from the Swiss IBD cohort study
|  | CD (n = 610) | UC/IC (n = 468) | Controls (n = 365) | p-value CD versus UC/IC | p-value IBD versus controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Have you been breastfed [n (%)] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Yes | 398 (65.7) | 279 (59.9) | 243 (68.1) | 0.033 | 0.002 |
  No | 105 (17.3) | 112 (24) | 81 (22.7) |  | |
  Don’t know | 103 (17) | 74 (15.9) | 32 (9) |  | |
  Missing | 4 | 3 | 9 |  | |
Sterilization of baby bottles and teats [n (%)] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Yes | 172 (32.6) | 127 (31.4) | 139 (43.8) | 0.284 | 0.001 |
  No | 62 (11.7) | 35 (8.6) | 49 (15.5) |  | |
  Don’t know | 293 (55.5) | 243 (60) | 129 (40.7) |  | |
  Missing | 82 | 63 | 48 |  | |
Sterilization frequency of baby bottles and teats [n (%)] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  After each meal | 45 (11.5) | 30 (9.7) | 40 (17.5) | 0.781 | 0.021 |
  Once a day | 45 (11.5) | 40 (13) | 42 (18.4) |  | |
  Once per week | 19 (5) | 17 (5.5) | 12 (5.3) |  | |
  Don’t know | 283 (72) | 221 (71.8) | 134 (58.8) |  | |
  Missing | 218 | 160 | 137 |  | |
Mode of birth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Natural childbirth [n (%)] | 495 (81.2) | 389 (83.1) | 291 (79.3) | 0.403 | 0.446 |
  Caesarean-section [n (%)] | 49 (8) | 28 (6) | 50 (13.7) | 0.195 | 0.001 |
  Forceps delivery [n (%)] | 14 (2.3) | 13 (2.8) | 6 (1.6) | 0.615 | 0.554 |
  Delivery with cupping [n (%)] | 13 (2.1) | 17 (3.6) | 10 (2.7) | 0.137 | 0.330 |
  I don’t know [n (%)] | 37 (6.1) | 22 (4.7) | 7 (1.9) |  |  |
Are you born at term [n (%)] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Yes | 423 (70.7) | 349 (75.2) | 268 (74.4) | 0.111 | 0.017 |
  Premature birth | 61 (10.2) | 30 (6.5) | 28 (7.8) |  | |
  Birth triggered after the term | 37 (6.2) | 19 (4.1) | 32 (8.9) |  | |
  Don’t know | 75 (12.5) | 64 (13.8) | 32 (9) |  | |
  Missing | 14 | 6 | 5 |  |