Association between dietary phosphorus intake and chronic constipation in adults: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 4 Regression Analyses of the Association Between Dietary Phosphorus Intake and Chronic Constipation (stool frequency), weighted

Exposure	Phosphorus intake (mg)	Model I	Model II	Model III
Overall		13, 948	13, 948	13, 758
Phosphorus for each 0.1 g		0.89 (0.86, 0.92)	0.93 (0.90, 0.97)	0.94 (0.90, 0.99)
Per 1 SD		0.53 (0.43, 0.64)	0.68 (0.55, 0.83)	0.72 (0.54, 0.94)
Q1	< 905.0	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	905.0–1215.0	0.71 (0.53, 0.95)	0.83 (0.61, 1.12)	0.92 (0.66, 1.27)
Q3	1215.5–1581.0	0.48 (0.34, 0.68)	0.65 (0.45, 0.95)	0.73 (0.47, 1.13)
Q4	> 1581.0	0.20 (0.12, 0.32)	0.36 (0.21, 0.61)	0.39 (0.20, 0.76)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.012
Men		7028	7028	6917
Phosphorus for each 0.1 g		0.90 (0.86, 0.95)	0.92 (0.88, 0.97)	0.92 (0.87, 0.97)
Per 1 SD		0.54 (0.40, 0.74)	0.62 (0.45, 0.004)	0.60 (0.43, 0.84)
Q1	< 1065.0	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	1065.0–1395.5	0.59 (0.31, 1.10)	0.68 (0.36, 1.30)	0.60 (0.27, 1.36)
Q3	1396.0–1793.5	0.26 (0.14, 0.50)	0.33 (0.17, 0.63)	0.25 (0.10, 0.62)
Q4	> 1793.5	0.22 (0.10, 0.49)	0.29 (0.13, 0.65)	0.20 (0.08, 0.50)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
Female		6920	6920	6894
Phosphorus for each 0.1 g		0.94 (0.89, 0.98)	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.95 (0.88, 1.03)
Per 1 SD		0.75 (0.61, 0.93)	0.76 (0.62, 0.93)	0.81 (0.57, 1.14)
Q1	< 803.5	Ref	Ref	Ref
Q2	803.5–1061.5	0.63 (0.42, 0.94)	0.66 (0.44, 0.98)	0.74 (0.50, 1.10)
Q3	1062.0–1348.5	0.73 (0.49, 1.09)	0.77 (0.52, 1.15)	0.97 (0.67, 1.42)
Q4	> 1348.5	0.47 (0.31, 0.71)	0.47 (0.31, 0.72)	0.65 (0.37, 1.12)
P for trend		0.005	0.007	0.335

Model I was not adjusted
Model II was adjusted for age (< 45, ≥ 45 < 65, and ≥ 65 years old), sex and ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, Non-Hispanic Black, Other Hispanic, and Other Race)
Model III was adjusted for Adjusted for age (< 45, ≥ 45 < 65, and ≥ 65 years old), sex and ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Mexican American, Non-Hispanic Black, Other Hispanic, and Other Race), BMI (< 25 kg/m2, 25–29.9 kg/m2, and ≥ 30 kg/m2), Physical activity (MET-min/week) (< 500, ≥ 500, or missing data), poor oral health (yes, no, missing data), hypertension (yes, no), depression (yes, no), diabetes (yes, no), smoking status (never, former, and now), drinking status (yes, no), milk (often, sometimes, rarely, never), energy (T1 < 1590.0; T2, 1590.0–2247.0; T3 ≥ 2247.1 kcal/day), and income-poverty ratio (%) (< 2, ≥ 2, or missing data)

ISSN: 1471-230X