Hepatic venous pressure gradient after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration and liver stiffness measurement predict the prognosis of patients with gastric varices

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of the clinical factors associated with cumulative survival after BRTO for gastric varices

Factors	Category	Univariate	Multivariate
Factors	Category	P value*	HR (95% CI)	P value**
Age (years)	< 71 vs. ≥ 71	0.79
Sex	Male vs. Female	0.38
Etiology	HBV plus HCV vs. others	0.55
Albumin (g/dL)	< 3.5 vs. ≥ 3.5	0.97
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	< 1.0 vs. ≥ 1.0	0.51
Prothrombin activity (%)	< 81 vs. ≥ 81	0.14
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)	< 37 vs. ≥ 37	0.04
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	< 25 vs. ≥ 25	0.19
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L)	< 64 vs. ≥ 64	0.02
Platelet count (× 10³/µL)	< 102 vs. ≥ 102	0.68
Ammonia (µg/dL)	< 55 vs. ≥ 55	0.05
Child–Pugh class	A vs. B or C	0.32
Fib-4 index	< 4.80 vs. ≥ 4.80	0.20
Presence of splenomegaly	Yes vs. no	0.46
Presence of large porto-systemic shunt	Yes vs. no	0.42
Gastric varices bleeding	Yes vs. no	0.43
Co-existence of esophageal varices	Yes vs. no	0.29
History of hepatocellular carcinoma	Yes vs. no	0.07
Diameter of LGV before BRTO	< 5 vs. ≥ 5	0.83
Liver stiffness measurement (kPa)	< 25.1 vs. ≥ 25.1	0.02	8.27 (1.04–65.52)	0.04
Pre-HVPG (mmHg)	< 13 vs. ≥ 13	0.79
Post-HVPG (mmHg)	< 13 vs. ≥ 13	0.05

HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LGV, left gastric vein; BRTO, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; Pre-HVPG, HVPG measured before BRTO; Post-HVPG, HVPG measured after BRTO; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval

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