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Table 3 Advanced UC cohort: number of pain medication fills/administrations before and after advanced therapy initiation (GEE model)

From: Medication use among patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis before and after the initiation of advanced therapy

 

Exponentiated estimate

95% confidence interval

P value

Advanced therapy PDC (ref = 0, before initiation)

   

 PDC 0–0.8 (nonadherence)

1.15

0.98, 1.35

0.0769

 PDC ≥ 0.8 (adherence)

0.95

0.85, 1.06

0.3668

 Baseline arthritis/joint pain (ref = no)

1.22

0.99, 1.50

0.0563

 Baseline back/cervical pain (ref = no)

1.02

0.82, 1.27

0.8367

 Baseline neuropathies/neuralgias (ref = no)

1.01

0.79, 1.28

0.9612

 Baseline migraines/headaches (ref = no)

1.34

1.00, 1.80

0.0504

 Baseline unclassified pain (ref = no)

1.23

0.93,1.61

0.1426

Age (ref = 18–34)

   

 35–44

1.31

1.04, 1.65

0.0223

 45–54

1.31

1.02, 1.67

0.0312

 55–64

1.27

0.98, 1.65

0.0661

 ≥ 65

1.37

0.89, 2.11

0.1491

Female (ref = male)

1.09

0.93, 1.29

0.2851

Residence Region (ref = Northeast)

   

 Midwest

0.97

0.76, 1.25

0.8274

 South

1.13

0.90, 1.42

0.3104

 West

1.23

0.95, 1.59

0.1216

 Other/unknown

1.85

1.36, 2.51

< 0.0001

Plan type (ref = HMO)

   

 PPO

0.94

0.78, 1.13

0.4925

 CDHP

0.88

0.68, 1.14

0.3353

Medicare Advantage or Supplement coverage (ref = no)

0.76

0.46, 1.26

0.2840

At initiation year (ref = 2014)

   

 2015

1.08

0.72, 1.61

0.7209

 2016

1.05

0.71, 1.57

0.7989

 2017

1.03

0.68, 1.55

0.8915

 2018

0.90

0.55, 1.45

0.6537

Duration from index diagnosis to advanced therapy initiation (months)

1.00

0.99, 1.01

0.7598

QCI (ref = 0)

   

 1

0.90

0.68, 1.21

0.4911

 2

1.10

0.84, 1.44

0.4843

 3+

1.22

0.89, 1.68

0.2247

Other baseline conditions

   

 Anemia (ref = no)

1.05

0.89, 1.24

0.5703

 Dyslipidemia (ref = no)

1.11

0.89, 1.39

0.3499

 Fibromyalgia (ref = no)

0.75

0.27, 2.08

0.5804

 Hypertension (ref = no)

1.40

1.13, 1.73

0.0022

 Mental illness/substance use disorder (ref = no)

1.64

1.38, 1.94

< 0.0001

 Osteoporosis (ref = no)

1.15

0.78, 1.70

0.4806

 Infections (ref = no)

1.18

0.99, 1.40

0.0649

 Nicotine dependence (ref = no)

1.05

0.86, 1.27

0.6412

  1. Model adjusted for baseline pain conditions, age, gender, geographic region, plan type, Medicare advantage coverage, duration of index diagnosis to advanced therapies initiation, QCI, and other baseline conditions
  2. CDHP Consumer Driven Health Products, GEE generalized estimating equations, HMO Health Maintenance Organization, PPO Provider Preferred Organization, PDC proportion of days covered, QCI Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Index, UC ulcerative colitis
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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