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Table 2 CD cohort: number of pain medication fills/administrations before and after advanced therapy initiation (GEE model)

From: Medication use among patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis before and after the initiation of advanced therapy

 

Exponentiated estimate

95% confidence interval

P value

Advanced therapy PDC (ref = 0, before initiation)

   

 PDC 0–0.8 (nonadherence)

1.17

1.01, 1.35

0.0375

 PDC ≥ 0.8 (adherence)

0.89

0.79, 1.01

0.0638

 Baseline arthritis/joint pain (ref = no)

0.97

0.78, 1.19

0.7502

 Baseline back/cervical pain (ref = no)

1.24

1.01, 1.53

0.0432

 Baseline neuropathies/neuralgias (ref = no)

1.28

1.02, 1.62

0.0358

 Baseline migraines/headaches (ref = no)

1.23

0.93, 1.62

0.1507

 Baseline unclassified pain (ref = no)

1.05

0.85, 1.29

0.6571

Age (ref = 18–34)

   

 35–44

1.32

1.09, 1.59

0.0043

 45–54

1.23

0.96, 1.56

0.0996

 55–64

1.00

0.79, 1.27

0.9873

 ≥ 65

0.95

0.52, 1.73

0.8610

Female (ref = male)

1.27

1.09, 1.47

0.0019

Residence region (ref = Northeast)

   

 Midwest

1.17

0.93, 1.46

0.1832

 South

1.05

0.85, 1.30

0.6693

 West

1.05

0.81, 1.37

0.7087

 Other/unknown

0.94

0.34, 2.61

0.9042

Plan type (ref = HMO)

   

 PPO

0.97

0.82, 1.16

0.7573

 CDHP

0.90

0.71, 1.13

0.3490

 Medicare Advantage or Supplement coverage (ref = no)

1.38

0.70, 2.73

0.3588

At initiation year (ref = 2014)

   

 2015

0.94

0.74, 1.20

0.6249

 2016

0.89

0.69, 1.15

0.3677

 2017

0.83

0.64, 1.08

0.1619

 2018

0.56

0.37, 0.85

0.0062

Duration from index diagnosis to advanced therapy initiation (months)

1.01

1.00, 1.02

0.1467

QCI (ref = 0)

   

 1

1.37

1.10, 1.71

0.0045

 2

1.11

0.88, 1.39

0.3718

 3+

0.92

0.52, 1.64

0.7848

Other baseline conditions

   

 Anemia (ref = no)

1.13

0.97, 1.31

0.1172

 Dyslipidemia (ref = no)

1.31

1.05, 1.64

0.0178

 Fibromyalgia (ref = no)

1.69

1.22, 2.32

0.0014

 Hypertension (ref = no)

1.30

1.07, 1.59

0.0093

 Mental illness/substance use disorders (ref = no)

2.03

1.72, 2.39

< 0.0001

 Osteoporosis (ref = no)

1.20

0.47, 3.07

0.7060

 Infections (ref = no)

1.16

1.00, 1.35

0.0547

 Nicotine dependence (ref = no)

0.87

0.72, 1.05

0.1419

  1. Model adjusted for baseline pain conditions, age, gender, geographic region, plan type, Medicare Advantage coverage, duration of index diagnosis to advanced therapies initiation, QCI, and other baseline conditions
  2. CD Crohn’s disease, CDHP Consumer Driven Health Products, GEE generalized estimating equations, HMO Health Maintenance Organization, PDC proportion of days covered, PPO Provider Preferred Organization, QCI Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Index, ref reference
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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