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Table 5 Associations between lifestyle risk factors and CRC status

From: Body Mass Index, sex, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug medications, smoking and alcohol are differentially associated with World Health Organisation criteria and colorectal cancer risk in people with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome: an Australian case-control study

Characteristics

Controls (N = 714)

SPS Cases with CRC (N = 82)

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

SPS Cases with No CRC (N = 267)

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

N (%)

N (%)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

N (%)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Sex (Female)

404 (57)

46 (56)

0.933

  

180 (67)

0.002

5.58 (3.16–9.86)

< 0.001

Age/ Diagnosis Age (median, IQR.)

50 (44–55)

53 (37–66)

0.005

1.03 (1.00–1.07)

0.039

35 (29–54)

< 0.001

0.94 (0.93–0.96)

< 0.001

Affected with CRC

0 (0)

82 (100)

–

0

 

Smoking Status

 Never Smoked

334 (47)

35 (47)

Ref.

127 (49)

Ref.

 Current Smoker

121 (17)

9 (12)

0.378

0.44 (0.14–1.34)

0.147

31 (12)

0.082

0.50 (0.28–0.91)

0.024

 Former Smoker

258 (36)

31 (41)

0.599

1.15 (0.62–2.13)

0.653

101 (39)

0.853

1.30 (0.86–1.96)

0216

Years Smoked (mean ± S.D.)

10.20 ± 12.43

14.11 ± 17.82

0.018

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

0.114

8.54 ± 12.92

0.069

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.836

Daily Cigarettes

 No Cigarettes

334 (47)

37 (50)

Ref.

133 (53)

   

 1–5 Cigarettes per day

54 (8)

7 (10)

0.719

1.86 (0.68–5.09)

0.225

38 (15)

0.016

1.35 (0.73–2.48)

0.340

 6–10 Cigarettes per day

78 (11)

7 (10)

0.625

0.75 (0.27–2.07)

0.580

27 (11)

0.569

0.71 (0.37–1.36)

0.304

  > 10 Cigarettes per day

246 (35)

22 (30)

0.448

0.64 (0.32–1.30)

0.219

54 (21)

0.001

0.72 (0.45–1.15)

0.175

Height (cm) (mean ± S.D.)

168.61 ± 10.11

170.73 ± 10.29

0.123

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

0.752

171.20 ± 9.17

0.001

1.08 (1.05–1.11)

< 0.001

Weight (kg) (mean ± S.D.)

75.56 ± 16.94

75.95 ± 13.13

–

76.86 ± 16.57

   

Weight at 20 years of age (kg) (mean ± S.D.)

63.22 ± 12.91

63.30 ± 9.87

–

69.59 ± 15.12

   

BMI at registration (mean ± S.D.)

26.51 ± 5.30

26.15 ± 4.58

0.608

  

26.25 ± 5.27

0.523

  

BMI at 20 years of age (mean ± S.D.)

22.14 ± 3.53

21.80 ± 2.55

0.485

  

23.85 ± 5.04

< 0.001

1.10 (1.05–1.16)

< 0.001

Diabetes

31 (4)

3 (5)

0.877

  

12 (5)

0.755

  

Blood Lipid Lowering Medication

65 (9)

10 (16)

0.116

1.61 (0.69–3.74)

0.270

26 (11)

0.524

  

Weekly Aspirin (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

0.99 ± 3.36

0.67 ± 2.07

0.414

  

0.28 ± 1.46

< 0.001

0.95 (0.87–1.03)

0.230

Weekly NSAIDs (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.72 ± 4.62

0.25 ± 1.25

0.001

0.81 (0.67–0.98)

0.031

0.56 ± 2.45

< 0.001

0.92 (0.87–0.98)

0.013

Weekly Antacids (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.20 ± 4.75

0.78 ± 3.11

0.441

  

0.91 ± 4.96

0.384

  

Weekly Multivitamins (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.79 ± 3.44

0.83 ± 2.23

0.015

0.89 (0.78–1.01)

0.071

1.28 ± 2.75

0.029

0.95 (0.89–1.02)

0.160

Calcium (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.01 ± 2.70

0.35 ± 1.52

0.030

0.93 (0.78–1.10)

0.382

0.51 ± 2.14

0.005

0.98 (0.90–1.07)

0.678

Paracetamol (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.86 ± 7.60

2.85 ± 7.53

0.367

  

1.22 ± 4.59

0.191

  

Folate (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.09 ± 2.53

0.44 ± 1.72

0.029

0.97 (0.82–1.14)

0.685

0.28 ± 1.49

< 0.001

0.79 (0.71–0.89)

< 0.001

Weekly Alcohol Consumption

 

 No Alcohol

171 (27)

9 (16)

Ref.

86 (39)

Ref.

 1–100 g per week

285 (46)

24 (42)

0.243

1.83 (0.75–4.48)

0.187

79 (36)

0.001

0.42 (0.27–0.67)

< 0.001

 101–200 g per week

100 (16)

13 (23)

0.045

2.44 (0.88–6.77)

0.088

36 (17)

0.155

0.73 (0.41–1.31)

0.287

 201–350 g per week

46 (7)

7 (12)

0.045

1.76 (0.46–6.67)

0.407

10 (5)

0.025

0.45 (0.18–1.15)

0.094

  > 350 g per week

25 (4)

4 (7)

0.081

1.23 (0.20–7.54)

0.820

7 (3)

0.191

0.28 (0.09–0.94)

0.039

Beer (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.78 ± 5.44

3.97 ± 9.33

0.024

1.03 (1.00–1.07)

0.083

1.91 ± 5.22

0.852

  

Wine (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

4.09 ± 6.34

4.95 ± 6.06

0.340

  

2.43 ± 5.86

< 0.001

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

0.016

Spirits (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.37 ± 4.34

0.93 ± 3.11

0.398

  

0.82 ± 2.93

0.046

0.94 (0.87–1.00)

0.062

Number of Pregnancies (mean ± S.D.)a

2.67 ± 1.61

2.74 ± 2.41

0.820

  

1.60 ± 1.51

< 0.001

0.85 (0.71–1.02)

0.096

Pregnancy Age (years) (mean ± S.D.) a

25.68 ± 4.86

25.32 ± 4.98

0.695

  

25.50 ± 5.11

0.734

  

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) a

74 (21)

4 (13)

0.244

  

10 (6)

< 0.001

0.49 (0.19–1.29)

0.147

  1. In the multivariate models, it was multivariate adjusted. Each group of cases is compared with controls. Variables were included in the multivariate model if it had a p-value of < 0.15 and less than < 20% missing data. A variable was considered significant in the multivariate model if it had a p-value < 0.05. For variables that were highly correlated the smaller p-value was selected as the proxy to be included into the multivariate model.
  2. a female only analysis
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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