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Table 3 Associations between lifestyle risk factors and those who exclusively fulfil either WHO criterion I or III for SPS

From: Body Mass Index, sex, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug medications, smoking and alcohol are differentially associated with World Health Organisation criteria and colorectal cancer risk in people with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome: an Australian case-control study

Characteristics

Controls (N = 714)

SPS WHO Criteria I (N = 150)

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

SPS WHO Criteria III (N = 67)

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

N (%)

N (%)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

N (%)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Sex (Female)

404 (57)

103 (69)

0.006

2.14 (1.26–3.62)

0.005

39 (58)

0.797

  

Age/ Diagnosis Age (years) (median, IQR)

50 (44–55)

36.5 (29–54)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.91–0.96)

< 0.001

48 (29–59)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.92–0.97)

< 0.001

Affected with CRC

0 (0)

33 (22)

–

18 (27)

–

Smoking Status

 Never Smoked

334 (47)

83 (61)

 

24 (36)

Ref.

 Current Smoker

121 (17)

5 (4)

< 0.001

0.16 (0.06–0.49)

0.001

16 (24)

0.073

0.90 (0.37–2.17)

0.817

 Former Smoker

258 (36)

47 (35)

0.121

1.03 (0.61–1.75)

0.915

26 (40)

0.252

1.31 (0.67–2.56)

0.432

Years Smoked (mean ± S.D.)

10.20 ± 12.43

6.96 ± 12.06

0.004

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.323

14.49 ± 16.83

0.013

1.02 (0.99–1.04)

0.220

Daily Cigarettes

 No Cigarettes

334 (47)

83 (62)

 

25 (39)

Ref.

 1–5 Cigarettes per day

54 (8)

14 (10)

0.896

1.02 (0.45–2.32)

0.964

9 (14)

0.054

2.22 (0.87–5.68)

0.094

 6–10 Cigarettes per day

78 (11)

14 (10)

0.302

0.66 (0.28–1.53)

0.332

4 (6)

0.494

0.84 (0.27–2.61)

0.769

  > 10 Cigarettes per day

246 (35)

23 (17)

< 0.001

0.45 (0.23–0.86)

0.015

26 (41)

0.238

0.92 (0.44–1.90)

0.817

Height (cm) (mean ± S.D.)

168.61 ± 10.11

169.46 ± 9.14

0.389

  

170.71 ± 9.38

0.004

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

0.050

Weight (kg) (mean ± S.D.)

75.56 ± 16.94

75.21 ± 16.36

0.832

–

76.01 ± 15.97

–

Weight at 20 years of age (kg) (mean ± S.D.)

63.22 ± 12.91

68.59 ± 15.07

0.001

–

69.64 ± 15.51

–

BMI at registration (mean ± S.D.)

26.51 ± 5.30

26.37 ± 5.83

0.794

  

26.89 ± 4.90

0.608

  

BMI at 20 years of age (mean ± S.D.)

22.14 ± 3.53

23.68 ± 5.36

< 0.001

1.06 (1.00–1.13)

0.044

23.53 ± 4.67

0.012

1.08 (1.00–1.16)

0.043

Diabetes

31 (4)

5 (4)

0.820

  

1 (2)

0.272

  

Blood Lipid Lowering Medication

65 (9)

9 (7)

0.411

  

7 (12)

0.502

  

Weekly Aspirin (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

0.99 ± 3.36

0.17 ± 1.07

< 0.001

0.88 (0.73–1.06)

0.187

0.49 ± 1.69

0.193

  

Weekly NSAIDs (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.72 ± 4.62

0.42 ± 1.62

< 0.001

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

0.060

0.75 ± 2.90

0.075

0.94 (0.86–1.04)

0.224

Weekly Antacids (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.20 ± 4.75

0.42 ± 1.84

0.022

0.88 (0.73–1.02)

0.077

1.31 ± 3.26

0.867

  

Weekly Multivitamins (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.79 ± 3.44

0.83 ± 2.10

< 0.001

0.93 (0.85–1.03)

0.152

1.29 ± 2.93

0.259

  

Calcium (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.01 ± 2.70

0.17 ± 1.07

< 0.001

0.79 (0.64–0.97)

0.021

0.55 ± 1.81

0.164

  

Paracetamol (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.86 ± 7.60

0.77 ± 3.88

0.067

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

0.749

1.75 ± 4.96

0.919

  

Folate (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.09 ± 2.53

0.37 ± 1.78

< 0.001

0.84 (0.73–0.96)

0.010

0.36 ± 1.56

0.016

0.88 (0.74–1.06)

0.177

Weekly Alcohol Consumption

 No Alcohol

171 (27)

38 (34)

Ref.

21 (40)

Ref.

 1–100 g per week

285 (46)

45 (40)

0.156

0.87 (0.49–1.56)

0.640

15 (28)

0.016

0.39 (0.18–0.83)

0.015

 101–200 g per week

100 (16)

22 (20)

0973

1.75 (0.83–3.71)

0.144

7 (13)

0.216

0.51 (0.19–1.37)

0.185

 201–350 g per week

46 (7)

4 (3)

0.089

0.39 (0.08–1.87)

0.238

6 (11)

0.902

0.75 (0.23–2.38)

0.622

  > 350 g per week

25 (4)

3 (3)

0.333

0.75 (0.18–3.20)

0.702

4 (8)

0.652

0.66 (0.16–2.66)

0.516

Beer (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.78 ± 5.44

1.77 ± 5.31

0.978

  

3.11 ± 7.16

0.145

1.01 (0.97–1.06)

0.554

Wine (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

4.09 ± 6.34

2.61 ± 3.99

0.008

0.98 (0.94–1.04)

0.541

4.20 ± 10.30

0.905

  

Spirits (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

1.37 ± 4.34

0.73 ± 2.27

0.067

0.90 (0.80–1.02)

0.106

0.84 ± 3.17

0.305

  

Number of Pregnancies (mean ± S.D.)a

2.67 ± 1.61

1.74 ± 1.90

< 0.001

0.90 (0.70–1.15)

0.397

1.94 ± 1.50

0.009

0.96 (0.69–1.34)

0.821

Pregnancy Age (years) (mean ± S.D.) a

25.68 ± 4.86

27.15 ± 5.03

0.034

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

0.415

25.12 ± 5.23

0.578

  

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) a

74 (21)

5 (6)

< 0.001

0.47 (0.15–1.52)

0.207

3 (10)

0.151

  
  1. In the multivariate models, it was multivariate adjusted. Each group of cases is compared with controls. Variables were included in the multivariate model if it had a p-value of < 0.15 and less than < 20% missing data. A variable was considered significant in the multivariate model if it had a p-value < 0.05. For variables that were highly correlated the smaller p-value was selected as the proxy to be included into the multivariate model.
  2. a female only analysis
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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