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Table 2 Associations between lifestyle risk factors and SPS

From: Body Mass Index, sex, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug medications, smoking and alcohol are differentially associated with World Health Organisation criteria and colorectal cancer risk in people with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome: an Australian case-control study

Characteristics

Sample Size

Controls

(N = 714)

SPS

(N = 350)

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

N (%)

N (%)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Sex (Female)

1064

404 (57)

227 (65)

0.010

4.54 (2.77–7.45)

< 0.001

Age/ Diagnosis Age (years) (median, IQR)

1051

39 (29–57)

50 (44–55)

< 0.001

0.96 (0.95–0.98)

< 0.001

Affected with CRC

1064

0 (0)

82 (23)

–

Smoking Status

1039

 

 Never Smoked

504

334 (47)

170 (52)

Ref.

 Current Smoker

152

120 (17)

32 (10)

0.003

0.50 (0.29–0.86)

0.012

 Former Smoker

383

258 (36)

125 (38)

0.732

1.30 (0.90–1.88)

0.156

Years Smoked (mean ± S.D.)

1036

10.20 ± 12.43

9.78 ± 14.34

0.631

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.456

Daily Cigarettes

1038

   

 No Cigarettes

505

334 (47)

171 (52)

Ref.

 1–5 Cigarettes per day

99

54 (8)

45 (14)

0.029

1.52 (0.87–2.65)

0.139

 6–10 Cigarettes per day

112

78 (11)

34 (10)

0.477

0.74 (0.42–1.31)

0.306

  > 10 Cigarettes per day

322

246 (35)

76 (23)

0.002

0.70 (0.46–1.05)

0.085

Height (cm) (mean ± S.D.)

946

168.61 ± 10.11

171 .08 ± 9.38

< 0.001

1.07 (1.04–1.09)

< 0.001

Weight (kg) (mean ± S.D.)

951

75.56 ± 16.94

76.71 ± 15.90

–

Weight at 20 years of age (kg) (mean ± S.D.)

935

63.22 ± 12.91

68.35 ± 14.43

–

BMI at registration (mean ± S.D.)

940

26.51 ± 5.29

26.25 ± 5.13

0.483

  

BMI at 20 years of age (mean ± S.D.)

924

22.14 ± 3.53

23.46 ± 4.73

< 0.001

1.09 (1.04–1.13)

< 0.001

Diabetes

1027

31 (4)

15 (5)

0.749

  

Blood Lipid Lowering Medication

1007

65 (9)

36 (12)

0.241

  

Weekly Aspirin (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1024

0.99 ± 3.36

0.36 ± 1.61

< 0.001

0.95 (0.88–1.02)

0.153

Weekly NSAIDs (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1014

1.72 ± 4.62

0.50 ± 2.27

< 0.001

0.91 (0.86–0.97)

0.002

Weekly Antacids (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1023

1.20 ± 4.75

0.88 ± 4.63

0.291

  

Weekly Multivitamins (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1022

1.79 ± 3.44

1.18 ± 2.65

0.004

0.94 (0.89–1.00)

0.053

Calcium (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1021

1.01 ± 2.70

0.48 ± 2.02

0.001

0.97 (0.89–1.05)

0.395

Paracetamol (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1017

1.86 ± 7.60

1.54 ± 5.33

0.501

  

Folate (dose/week) (mean ± S.D.)

1015

1.09 ± 2.53

0.31 ± 1.54

< 0.001

0.82 (0.75–0.90)

< 0.001

Weekly Alcohol Consumption

903

     

 No Alcohol

266

171 (27)

95 (35)

Ref.

 1–100 g per week

388

285 (46)

103 (37)

0.012

0.56 (0.37–0.84)

0.005

 101–200 g per week

150

100 (16)

50 (18)

0.625

0.99 (0.59–1.67)

0.984

 201–350 g per week

63

46 (7)

17 (6)

0.190

0.67 (0.31–1.44)

0.307

> 350 g per week

36

25 (4)

11 (4)

0.543

0.52 (0.20–1.36)

0.183

Beer (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

919

1.78 ± 5.44

2.29 ± 6.33

0.232

  

Wine (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

918

4.09 ± 6.34

2.93 ± 5.97

0.006

0.97 (0.94–1.00)

0.089

Spirits (serves per week) (mean ± S.D.)

925

1.37 ± 4.34

0.88 ± 3.03

0.060

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

0.093

Number of Pregnanciesa (mean ± S.D.)

603

2.67 ± 1.61

1.80 ± 1.75

< 0.001

0.87 (0.75–1.01)

0.069

Pregnancy Age (years) a (mean ± S.D.)

489

25.68 ± 4.86

25.49 ± 5.06

0.700

  

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)a

547

74 (21)

14 (7)

< 0.001

0.44 (0.20–0.98)

0.043

  1. In the multivariate models, it was multivariate adjusted. Each group of cases is compared with controls. Variables were included in the multivariate model if it had a p-value of < 0.15 and less than < 20% missing data. A variable was considered significant in the multivariate model if it had a p-value < 0.05. For variables that were highly correlated, the smaller p-value was selected as the proxy to be included in the multivariate model.
  2. a female only analysis
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BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

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