Table 2 Clinical characteristics according to level of fibrosis based on the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF™) test
None to Mild | Moderate | Severe | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ELF-score < 7.7 | ELF-score ≥ 7.7 to ≤ 9.8 | ELF score > 9.8 | ||
N (%) | 14 (14) | 78 (80) | 6 (6) | |
ELF-score | 7.28 (0.39) | 8.52 (0.54) | 10.41 (0.67) | na |
Age, years | 39.8 (8.3) | 48.4 (9.2) | 54.3 (12.0) | 0.002 |
Gender, female (%) | 14 (100%) | 46 (59%) | 4 (67%) | 0.012 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 14 (100%) | 76 (97%) | 6 (100%) | 0.77 |
White ethnicity, n (%) | 14 (100%) | 75 (96%) | 6 (100%) | 0.672 |
Alcohol consumption, units a week | 0.3 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.5) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.155 |
Antropometrics | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 43.3 (5.3) | 41.3 (4.5) | 44.5 (9.7) | 0.15 |
FFM, kg | 58.9 (6.4) | 67.7 (14.4) | 67.7 (17.0) | 0.088 |
FM, kg | 61.1 (11.6) | 57.6 (11.4) | 62.5 (22.4) | 0.432 |
Waist circumference, cm | 122.7 (11.8) | 127.8 (10.6) | 133.7 (18.8) | 0.122 |
Glucose homeostasis | ||||
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 70.6 (18.8) | 65.5 (19.3) | 64.0 (15.4) | 0.627 |
Fasting insulin, pmol/L | 160 (92) | 206 (143) | 136 (75) | 0.276 |
Fasting C-peptide, pmol/L | 1313 (472) | 1658 (475) | 1370 (655) | 0.04 |
HOMA2S, % | 24.7 (12.9) | 23.4 (11.2) | 30.6 (16.7) | 0.478 |
Matsuda ISI | 1.83 (1.17) | 1.55 (0.79) | 2.42 (2.07) | 0.134 |
MinMod SI, (mu/l)−1 x min−1 | 1.03 (0.65) | 0.85 (0.93) | 0.85 (1.15) | 0.864 |
Diabetes duration, years | 5.6 (7.2) | 6.5 (5.5) | 13.7 (8.3) | 0.016 |
Antidiabetic duration, n (%) | 12 (86) | 69 (88) | 6 (100) | 0.638 |
Liver status | ||||
ALAT, U/L | 30.6 (19.7) | 39.3 (20.1) | 43.2 (29.1) | 0.297 |
ASAT, U/L | 22.9 (11.7) | 27.4 (10.4) | 41.3 (27.5) | 0.009 |
AST/ALT ratio | 0.80 (0.25) | 0.78 (0.25) | 0.97 (0.37) | 0.168 |
GammaGT, | 52.4 (42.4) | 55.5 (36.1) | 68.2 (54.2) | 0.691 |
Liver fat fraction, % | 19.2 (11.9) | 19.7 (11.4) | 8.3 (9.2) | 0.066 |
Fatty Liver Index | 49.2 (28.6) | 51.5 (24.6) | 61.2 (29.2) | 0.617 |
NAFLD Fibrosis score | −0.65 (1.2) | 0.02 (0.84) | 0.79 (0.39) | 0.003 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.9 (1.3) | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.5 (0.5) | 0.084 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.7) | 0.163 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 0.048 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (0.7) | 0.856 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 129 (11) | 132 (14) | 147 (27) | 0.034 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 85 (7) | 85 (7) | 85 (8) | 0.952 |
Antihypertensive medications, n (%) | 8 (57) | 50 (64) | 5 (83) | 0.532 |
Lipid-lowering drugs; n (%) | 5 (36) | 36 (46) | 4 (67) | 0.443 |