The association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and odds and severity of irritable bowel syndrome among Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of study participants as well as the prevalence of IBS and its subtypes across tertiles of dTAC^a

Variables	Tertiles of dTAC			P value ^b
Variables	T1 (< 6.06)	T2 (6.06–8.96)	T3 (> 8.96)	P value ^b
dTAC	4.30 ± 1.32	7.48 ± 0.83	11.65 ± 2.46	< 0.001
Age (y)	35.6 ± 7.79	36.1 ± 7.92	37.2 ± 7.82	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.8 ± 3.92	24.9 ± 3.72	25.0 ± 3.82	0.44
Female (%)	648 (57.9)	641 (57.2)	670 (59.8)	0.44
Married (%)	900 (82.5)	901 (82.0)	889 (80.6)	0.80
Education (university graduated) (%)	637 (56.9)	707 (63.1)	737 (65.7)	< 0.001
Physically active c (%)	136 (12.1)	147 (13.1)	160 (14.3)	0.33
Current smoker (%)	150 (13.4)	150 (13.4)	164 (14.6)	0.62
Regular meal pattern				< 0.001
Never/sometimes	501 (45.7)	419 (37.8)	395 (35.7)
Often/always	596 (54.3)	689 (62.2)	712 (64.3)
Chewing sufficiently (a lot)	128 (11.6)	145 (13.1)	158 (14.2)	0.19
Fluid consumption				0.29
< 3 glasses/day	1054 (96.2)	1059 (96.8)	1064 (97.3)
≥ 3 glasses/day	42 (3.8)	35 (3.2)	29 (2.7)
Breakfast skipping	89 (8.3)	73 (6.7)	76 (7.0)	0.29
Frequent fried food intake				0.56
≤ 3 times/wk	917 (85.4)	920 (84.6)	909 (83.7)
> 3 times/wk	157 (14.6)	168 (15.4)	177 (16.3)
Speed of eating				0.29
< 10 min	109 (9.7)	92 (8.2)	112 (10.0)
≥ 10 min	1011 (90.3)	1029 (91.8)	1009 (90.0)
Disease history^d (%)	35 (3.1)	34 (3.0)	31 (2.8)	0.87
Medication use^e (%)	70 (6.3)	59 (5.3)	75 (6.7)	0.35
Dietary supplement use (%)	339 (30.3)	320 (28.5)	350 (31.2)	0.37
Dental status^f (%)	81 (7.4)	77 (7.1)	96 (8.9)	0.57
IBS (%)	256 (22.9)	252 (22.5)	240 (21.4)	0.69
IBS-C (%)	93 (8.3)	73 (6.5)	87 (7.8)	0.26
IBS-D (%)	51 (4.6)	52 (4.6)	53 (4.7)	0.98
IBS-M (%)	46 (4.1)	45 (4.0)	38 (3.4)	0.63
IBS-U (%)	66 (5.9)	82 (7.3)	62 (5.5)	0.18

IBS-C: IBS with constipation; IBS-D: IBS with diarrhea; IBS-M: mixed IBS; IBS-U: unsubtyped IBS
^aData are mean ± SD, unless indicated otherwise
^bObtained from ANOVA or chi-square test, where appropriate
^c ≥ 1 h/week physical activity
^dChronic disease included: diabetes and colitis
^eMedications included omeprazole, pantoprazole, ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine, clidinium, hyoscine, blandola, dimethicone, digestive, pancreatin, antiacid, diphenoxylate, loperamide, nortriptyline, amitriptyline or imipramine, fluoxetine, citalopram, fluvoxamine, and sertraline
^fDental status > 5 teeth lost

ISSN: 1471-230X