Fig. 9

TCS exposure on gut microbiota in DSS-model UC mice. Mice were treated with 80 ppm TCS in diet for 3 weeks. At the beginning of the 4th week, all the mice were treated with 2% DSS in drinking water for 1 week to induce UC, during which the TCS treatment remained the same. (A) Effect of TCS on α diversity of fecal microbiota, assessed by boxplot. (B) Effect of TCS on β diversity of fecal microbiota, assessed by NMDS. (C) Heatmap of differences in relative abundance of microbiota at phylum levels. (D) Lefse analysis of assessing the magnitude of the effect of each species abundance on the differences. The results are expressed as means ± SD. n = 12/group. ns means no statistical difference. The statistical significance was determined using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test